dc.contributor.author | Skaalvik, Tonje Gottenberg | |
dc.contributor.author | Øiestad, Elisabeth Leere | |
dc.contributor.author | Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig | |
dc.contributor.author | Hegstad, Solfrid | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-09-02T13:07:54Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-09-02T13:07:54Z | |
dc.date.created | 2023-06-02T13:12:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Drug Testing and Analysis. 2023, 15 (8), 909-918. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1942-7603 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3149707 | |
dc.description.abstract | Separation and quantification of amphetamine enantiomers are commonly used to distinguish between consumption of prescription amphetamine (mostly S ‐amphetamine) and illicit forms of the drug (racemate). In this study, electromembrane extraction with prototype conductive vials was combined with ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC‐MS/MS) to quantify R ‐ and S ‐amphetamine in urine. Amphetamine was extracted from 100 μL urine, diluted with 25 μL internal standard solution and 175 μL 130 mM formic acid, across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) consisting of 9 μL of a 1:1(w/w) mixture of 2‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) and bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphite (DEHPi) into an acceptor phase containing 300 μL 130 mM formic acid. The extraction was facilitated by the application of 30 V for 15 min. Enantiomeric separation was achieved using UHPSFC‐MS/MS with a chiral stationary phase. The calibration range was 50–10,000 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The between‐assay CV was ≤5%, within‐assay CV ≤ 1.5%, and bias within ±2%. Recoveries were 83%–90% (CV ≤ 6%), and internal standard corrected matrix effects were 99–105 (CV ≤ 2%). The matrix effects ranged from 96% to 98% (CV ≤ 8%) when not corrected by the internal standard. The EME method was compared with a chiral routine method that employed liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for sample preparation. Assay results were in agreement with the routine method, and the mean deviation between methods was 3%, ranging from −21% to 31%. Finally, sample preparation greenness was assessed using the AGREEprep tool, which resulted in a greenness score of 0.54 for conductive vial EME, opposed to 0.47 for semi‐automated 96‐well LLE. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | Wiley | en_US |
dc.rights | Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.title | Determination of amphetamine enantiomers in urine by conductive vial electromembrane extraction and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Determination of amphetamine enantiomers in urine by conductive vial electromembrane extraction and ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry | en_US |
dc.type | Peer reviewed | en_US |
dc.type | Journal article | en_US |
dc.description.version | publishedVersion | en_US |
dc.source.pagenumber | 909-918 | en_US |
dc.source.volume | 15 | en_US |
dc.source.journal | Drug Testing and Analysis | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1002/dta.3487 | |
dc.identifier.cristin | 2151227 | |
cristin.ispublished | true | |
cristin.fulltext | original | |
cristin.qualitycode | 1 | |