Women’s experience of preterm birth in an East African context: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Approximately 15 million children are born each year prematurely, representing more than 10 percent of all childbirths worldwide. Prematurity is an acute event and the leading cause of death among newborns and children under five. Sixty percent of these premature deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Objective: The current study aimed to explore and understand women’s experiences and perceptions regarding giving birth prematurely at the National Hospital of Muhimbili in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Method: A qualitative method, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach was chosen to understand and describe the women’s experiences. A semi-structured guide was used during the interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings: Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: (a) Emotional turmoil: unmet expectations shattering maternal identity, emotional distress, and loss of hope; (b) Adapting to preterm birth and challenges: the unexpected situation, lack of proper care, strenuous breastfeeding routines, and socioeconomic challenges; (c) Significance of proper care and emotional support: good maternal care, mother-to-mother and family support. Conclusion: This study provided a deeper understanding of women’s experiences and perceptions of premature childbirth. The current study indicated the importance of caregivers’ awareness of the women’s emotional distress, their need to adapt to a sudden unexpected situation, and the necessity of emotional support.