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dc.contributor.authorFatemi, Ali
dc.contributor.authorBerg, Erik Andreas Rye
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez-Molares, Alfonso
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-20T10:24:51Z
dc.date.available2021-04-20T10:24:51Z
dc.date.created2019-06-05T18:34:04Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationUltrasound in Medicine and Biology. 2019, 45 (7), 1799-1813.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0301-5629
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2738609
dc.description.abstractClutter in echocardiography hinders the visualization of the heart and reduces the diagnostic value of the images. The detailed mechanisms that generate clutter are, however, not well understood. We present five different hypotheses for generation of clutter based on reverberation artifact with a focus on apical four-chamber view echocardiograms. We demonstrate the plausibility of our hypotheses by in vitro experiments and by comparing the results with in vivo recordings from four volunteers. The results show that clutter in echocardiography can be originated both at structures that lie in the ultrasound beam path and at those that are outside the imaging plane. We show that reverberations from echogenic structures outside the imaging plane can make clutter over the image if the ultrasound beam gets deflected out of its intended path by specular reflection at the ribs. Different clutter types in the in vivo examples show that the appearance of clutter varies, depending on the tissue from which it originates. The results of this work can be applied to improve clutter reduction techniques or to design ultrasound transducers that give higher quality cardiac images. The results can also help cardiologists have a better understanding of clutter in echocardiograms and acquire better images based on the type and the source of the clutter.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleStudying the Origin of Reverberation Clutter in Echocardiography: In Vitro Experiments and In Vivo Demonstrationsen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber1799-1813en_US
dc.source.volume45en_US
dc.source.journalUltrasound in Medicine and Biologyen_US
dc.source.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.010
dc.identifier.cristin1703058
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal