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dc.contributor.authorElstrøm, Petter
dc.contributor.authorGrøntvedt, Carl Andreas
dc.contributor.authorGabrielsen, Christina
dc.contributor.authorStegger, Marc
dc.contributor.authorAngen, Øystein
dc.contributor.authorÅmdal, Solfrid
dc.contributor.authorEnger, Hege
dc.contributor.authorUrdahl, Anne Margrete
dc.contributor.authorJore, Solveig
dc.contributor.authorSteinbakk, Martin
dc.contributor.authorSunde, Marianne
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-12T10:01:10Z
dc.date.available2021-02-12T10:01:10Z
dc.date.created2019-04-16T16:02:22Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Microbiology. 2019, 10 .en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2727651
dc.description.abstractFarm animals have been identified as an emerging reservoir for transmission of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) to humans. The low incidence of MRSA in humans and farm animals in Norway has led to the implementation of a national strategy of surveillance and control of LA-MRSA aiming to prevent livestock becoming a domestic source of MRSA to humans. In 2015, MRSA clonal complex 1 spa-type t177 was identified in nine Norwegian pig herds in two neighboring counties. An outbreak investigation was undertaken, and measures of control through eradication were imposed. We performed a register-based cohort study including pig herds and MRSA-positive persons in Norway between 2008 and 2016 to investigate the livestock-association of MRSA CC1, the transmission of the outbreak strain to humans before and after control measures, and the effect of control measures imposed. Data from the Norwegian Surveillance System of Communicable Diseases were merged with data collected through outbreak investigations for LA-MRSA, the National Registry and the Norwegian Register for Health Personnel. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on isolates from livestock and humans identified through contact tracing, in addition to t177 and t127 isolates diagnosed in persons in the same counties. It is likely that a farm worker introduced MRSA CC1 to a sow farm, and further transmission to eight fattening pig farms through trade of live pigs confirmed the potential for livestock association of this MRSA type. The outbreak strain formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster which in addition to the pig farms included one sheep herd and five exposed persons. None of the investigated isolates from possible cases without direct contact to the MRSA positive farms were phylogenetically related to the outbreak strain. Moreover, isolates of t177 or t127 from healthcare and community-acquired cases were not closely related to the outbreak cluster. Eradication measures imposed were effective in eliminating MRSA t177 from the positive pig holdings, and the outbreak strain was not detected in the national pig population or in persons from these counties after control measures.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376739/pdf/fmicb-10-00139.pdf
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleLivestock-Associated MRSA CC1 in Norway; Introduction to Pig Farms, Zoonotic Transmission, and Eradicationen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber11en_US
dc.source.volume10en_US
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Microbiologyen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2019.00139
dc.identifier.cristin1692968
dc.description.localcode© 2019 Elstrøm, Grøntvedt, Gabrielsen, Stegger, Angen, Åmdal, Enger, Urdahl, Jore, Steinbakk and Sunde. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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