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Visualizing Energy Use in Smart Grids - Developing a User Display for the Dynamic Microgrid Tariff

Molnes, Øystein Jarmund
Master thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2352339
Date
2015
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  • Institutt for datateknologi og informatikk [7453]
Abstract
Increasing demands for energy in Norwegian households are stretching the capacity of the

electrical grid to its limits. To avoid having to expand the electrical grid, peak loads must

be reduced, and power companies are dependent on energy consumers to distribute their

energy use more evenly throughout the day. Smart Meters are to be installed in every Norwegian

household within January 1st, 2019, and can help provide customers with the information

and control needed in order to achieve peak reductions.

Demo Steinkjer is a national project testing new solutions for energy usage, and is currently

running a project testing a tariff which focuses on increasing electricity prices when the grid

is heavily loaded. They plan to use a tablet display to inform users about consumption and

pricing. However, it is not determined what kind of, and how, this information should be

communicated.

This thesis explores how such a display tool should be developed in terms of context of use,

user requirements, and design. Based on findings obtained from literature reviews, a survey

and a focus group, a prototype has been developed and tested on potential users. The research

has been carried out following theDesign and Creation strategy andHuman-centered

design for interactive systems.

The research showed that a majority of our participants to a little extent reflect upon their

energy consumption. However, many expressed a willingness to adapt their energy consumption

according to information given to them. In order to take action, users should be

provided with concise information, and a visualization of energy consumption should focus

on readability rather than detail in data. Test participants found the display tool useful for

handling the tariff and gaining better control of their energy consumption and costs. Appliance

control, preferably automatic, was considered themost interesting and useful feature.

A display tool should cover the needs of its potential users, and not simply force them into

solving the needs of the power companies. Users show willingness to change behavior and

adopt new technology, but only if they are providedwith the appropriate tools that help them

achieve their goals in their everyday lives.
Publisher
NTNU

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