This article comprises two international studies. Study 1 aimed to develop a scale to measure the frequency of learners' voluntary, informal, out-of-school engagement with English, so-called Extramural English (EE) activities. ...

Financial distress has been frequently addressed in the sports business and management literature; however, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to implications for financial viability derived from funding beyond ...

Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been ...

Background Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring, and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of investigation. Microorganisms are known to be ...

Demographic consequences of rapid environmental change and extreme climatic events (ECEs) can cascade across trophic levels with evolutionary implications that have rarely been explored. Here, we show how an ECE in high ...

Knowledge about extreme keel drafts is needed for appropriate design of offshore installations in ice ridge infested waters. Ice drafts were measured with upward looking sonar by the Norwegian Polar Institute in the western ...

As a vital key part of the modern offshore wind energy industry, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) are built to generate green renewable energy. Robust prediction of extreme loads during FOWT operation is an important ...

Extreme events with multiple landslides can cause major economic costs, damage, and loss of life. While a single landslide can be destructive, multiple landslides are often the culprit of major losses. They can isolate ...

The scope of study is an umbilical arranged in a lazy wave con guration at 1300 m depth in Brazilian waters. The surface vessel is a ship, about 300 m long and 55 m wide. The wave environment is given by a wave scatter ...