Archival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic
Patrono, Livia V.; Vrancken, Bram; Budt, Matthias; Düx, Ariane; Lequime, Sebastian; Boral, Sengül; Gilbert, Marcus Thomas Pius; Gogarten, Jan F.; Hoffmann, Luisa; Horst, David; Merkel, Kevin; Morens, David; Prepoint, Baptiste; Schlotterbeck, Jasmin; Schuenemann, Verena J.; Suchard, Marc A.; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Tenkhoff, Luisa; Urban, Christian; Widulin, Navena; Winter, Eduard; Worobey, Michael; Schnalke, Thomas; Wolff, Thorsten; Lemey, Philippe; Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3043927Utgivelsesdato
2022Metadata
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Sammendrag
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, we analyze both the first 1918 IAV genomes from Europe and the first from samples prior to the autumn peak. 1918 IAV genomic diversity is consistent with a combination of local transmission and long-distance dispersal events. Comparison of genomes before and during the pandemic peak shows variation at two sites in the nucleoprotein gene associated with resistance to host antiviral response, pointing at a possible adaptation of 1918 IAV to humans. Finally, local molecular clock modeling suggests a pure pandemic descent of seasonal H1N1 IAV as an alternative to the hypothesis of origination through an intrasubtype reassortment.