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Nondirective meditation activates default mode network and areas associated with memory retrieval and emotional processing

Xu, Jian; Vik, Alexandra; Groote, Inge Rasmus; Lagopoulos, Jim; Holen, Are; Ellingsen, Øyvind; Håberg, Asta; Davanger, Svend
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/298536
Date
2014
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  • Institutt for nevromedisin og bevegelsesvitenskap [3547]
  • Institutt for sirkulasjon og bildediagnostikk [2084]
  • Publikasjoner fra CRIStin - NTNU [41867]
Original version
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2014, 8(86)   10.3389/fnhum.2014.00086
Abstract
Nondirective meditation techniques are practiced with a relaxed focus of attention that permits spontaneously occurring thoughts, images, sensations, memories, and emotions to emerge and pass freely, without any expectation that mind wandering should abate. These techniques are thought to facilitate mental processing of emotional experiences, thereby contributing to wellness and stress management. The present study assessed brain activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 14 experienced practitioners of Acem meditation in two experimental conditions. In the first, nondirective meditation was compared to rest. Significantly increased activity was detected in areas associated with attention, mind wandering, retrieval of episodic memories, and emotional processing. In the second condition, participants carried out concentrative practicing of the same meditation technique, actively trying to avoid mind wandering. The contrast nondirective meditation > concentrative practicing was characterized by higher activity in the right medial temporal lobe (parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala). In conclusion, the present results support the notion that nondirective meditation, which permits mind wandering, involves more extensive activation of brain areas associated with episodic memories and emotional processing, than during concentrative practicing or regular rest.
Publisher
Frontiers
Journal
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

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