• Extracting Valuable Information from Big Data for Machine Learning Control: An Application for a Gas Lift Process 

      Dias, Ana Carolina Spindola Rangel; Soares, Felipo Rojas; Jaschke, Johannes; de Souza, Mauricio Bezerra; Pinto, Jose Carlos (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      The present work investigated the use of an echo state network for a gas lift oil well. The main contribution is the evaluation of the network performance under conditions normally faced in a real production system: noisy ...
    • Extraction from finite adjunct clauses: an investigation of relative clause dependencies in Norwegian 

      Bondevik, Ingrid; Lohndal, Terje (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Recent experiments have confirmed earlier informal evidence that finite adjuncts are not islands categorically. Specifically, it has been shown that adjuncts are not necessarily islands for all dependency types (Sprouse ...
    • Extraction of Interface Wave Dispersion Curves from Ocean Ambient Noise 

      Dong, Hefeng; Wu, Guoli; Ke, Ganpan (Chapter, 2019)
    • Extraction of mix-mode cohesive laws of a unidirectional composite undergoing delamination with large-scale fibre bridging 

      Erives, Ruben; Sørensen, Bent F.; Goutianos, Stergios (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      A novel method is proposed for extracting the mixed-mode cohesive laws of composite materials undergoing delamination with large-scale fibre bridging. In the approach, the mixed-mode cohesive laws are derived from a potential ...
    • Extraction, partial purification and characterization of alkaline protease from rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus Mykiss) viscera 

      Andevari, Ghasem; Rezaei, Masoud; Tabarsa, Mehdi; Rustad, Turid (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      In this study, crude alkaline proteases were recovered from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) viscera and partially purified by use of different saturation of ammonium sulfate. The enzyme exhibited highest yield, purity ...
    • Extragalactic Cosmic Rays 

      Kachelriess, Michael (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      I review the status of ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) physics. After introducing the main experimental results and summarizing possible intepretations, I discuss observational and theoretical constraints on the sources ...
    • Extramural English in Scandinavia and Asia: Scale Development, Learner Engagement, and Perceived Speaking Ability 

      Sundqvist, Pia; Uztosun, Mehmet Sercan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      This article comprises two international studies. Study 1 aimed to develop a scale to measure the frequency of learners' voluntary, informal, out-of-school engagement with English, so-called Extramural English (EE) activities. ...
    • Extraordinary Deformation Capacity of Smallest Carbohelicene Springs 

      Sestak, Petr; Wu, Jianyang; He, Jianying; Pokluda, Jaroslav; Zhang, Zhiliang (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      The extraordinary deformation and loading capacity of nine different [∞]carbohelicene springs under uniaxial tension up to their fracture were computed using the density functional theory. The simulations comprised either ...
    • Extraordinary Funding and a Financially Viable Football Industry—Friends or Foes? A Norwegian Football League Perspective 

      Jacobsen, Åse; Kringstad, Morten; Olsen, Tor-Eirik (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Financial distress has been frequently addressed in the sports business and management literature; however, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to implications for financial viability derived from funding beyond ...
    • Extraordinary Response of H-Charged and H-Free Coherent Grain Boundaries in Nickel to Multiaxial Loading 

      Sestak, Petr; Cerny, Miroslav; Zhang, Zhiliang; Pokluda, Jaroslav (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      The cohesive strength of 3, 5, and 11 grain boundaries (GBs) in clean and hydrogen-segregated fcc nickel was systematically studied as a function of the superimposed transverse biaxial stresses using ab initio methods. The ...
    • Extraterrestrial Gynecology: Could Spaceflight Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Female Astronauts? An Updated Review 

      Drago-Ferrante, Rosa; Di Fiore, Riccardo; Karouia, Fathi; Subbannayya, Yashwanth; Das, Saswati; Aydogan Mathyk, Begum; Arif, Shehbeel; Guevara-Cerdán, Ana Paula; Seylani, Allen; Galsinh, Aman Singh; Kukulska, Weronika; Borg, Joseph; Suleiman, Sherif; Porterfield, David Marshall; Camera, Andrea; Christenson, Lane K; Ronca, April Elizabeth; Steller, Jonathan G; Beheshti, Afshin; Calleja-Agius, Jean (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been ...
    • Extraversion and focus of attention on facial emotions: an experimental eye-tracking study 

      Ellingsen, Eline; Drevsjø, Sandra; Volden, Frode; Watten, Reidulf G. (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Background Emotions and personality traits seem to be important factors affecting social attention. In the present study, we used eye-tracking equipment to investigate the differences between extraverts and introverts in ...
    • Extra‐pair paternity and antiparasitic defence 

      Møller, Anders Pape; Søraker, Jørgen Skavdal; Soler, Juan José (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Background Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring, and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of investigation. Microorganisms are known to be ...
    • Extreme enhancement of superconductivity in epitaxial aluminum near the monolayer limit 

      van Weerdenburg, Werner M.J.; Kamlapure, Anand; Fyhn, Eirik Holm; Huang, Xiaochun; van Mullekom, Niels P.E.; Steinbrecher, Manuel; Krogstrup, Peter; Linder, Jacob Wüsthoff; Khajetoorians, Alexander Ako (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      BCS theory has been widely successful at describing elemental bulk superconductors. Yet, as the length scales of such superconductors approach the atomic limit, dimensionality as well as the environment of the superconductor ...
    • Extreme events, trophic chain reactions, and shifts in phenotypic selection 

      Layton-Matthews, Kate; Vriend, Stefan J.G.; Grøtan, Vidar; Loonen, Maarten J. J. E.; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Fuglei, Eva; Hansen, Brage Bremset (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Demographic consequences of rapid environmental change and extreme climatic events (ECEs) can cascade across trophic levels with evolutionary implications that have rarely been explored. Here, we show how an ECE in high ...
    • Extreme keel drafts in the Fram Strait 2006-2011 

      Ekeberg, Ole-Christian; Høyland, Knut Vilhelm; Hansen, Edmond (Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      Knowledge about extreme keel drafts is needed for appropriate design of offshore installations in ice ridge infested waters. Ice drafts were measured with upward looking sonar by the Norwegian Polar Institute in the western ...
    • Extreme Levels of Ocean Acidification Restructure the Plankton Community and Biogeochemistry of a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem: A Mesocosm Study 

      Spisla, Carsten; Taucher, Jan; Bach, Lennart T; Haunost, Mathias; Boxhammer, Tim; King, Andrew L; Jenkins, Bettany D.; Wallace, Joselynn R.; Ludwig, Andrea; Meyer, Jana; Stange, Paul; Minutolo, Fabrizio; Lohbeck, Kai T.; Nauendorf, Alice; Kalter, Verena; Lischka, Silke; Sswat, Michael; Dörner, Isabel; Ismar-Rebitz, Stefanie M. H.; Aberle, Nicole; Yong, Jaw C; Bouquet, Jean-Marie; Lechtenbörger, Anna K.; Kohnert, Peter; Krudewig, Michael; Riebesell, Ulf (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The oceans’ uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases seawater pH and alters the inorganic carbon speciation – summarized in the term ocean acidification (OA). Already today, coastal regions experience episodic ...
    • Extreme loads analysis of a site-specific semi-submersible type wind turbine 

      Xu, Xiaosen; Gaidai, Oleg; Næss, Arvid; Sahoo, Prasanta (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      As a vital key part of the modern offshore wind energy industry, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) are built to generate green renewable energy. Robust prediction of extreme loads during FOWT operation is an important ...
    • Extreme low temperature tolerance in woody plants 

      Strimbeck, Richard; Schaberg, Paul G.; Fossdal, Carl Gunnar; Schröder, Wolfgang; Kjellsen, Trygve Devold (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      Woody plants in boreal to arctic environments and high mountains survive prolonged exposure to temperatures below -40°C and minimum temperatures below -60°C, and laboratory tests show that many of these species can also ...
    • Extreme original data yield extreme decline effects 

      Clements, Jeff C.; Sundin, Josefin; Clark, Timothy D.; Jutfelt, Fredrik Walter Jonas (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Our meta-analysis showing a dramatic decline effect in ocean acidification (OA) studies on fish behavior [1] was criticized and reanalyzed by Dr. Munday [2]. After applying changes to the dataset in a seemingly biased ...