dc.contributor.author | Krakhella, Kjersti Wergeland | |
dc.contributor.author | Morales, Marjorie | |
dc.contributor.author | Bock, Robert | |
dc.contributor.author | Seland, Frode | |
dc.contributor.author | Burheim, Odne Stokke | |
dc.contributor.author | Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-06-22T10:07:30Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-06-22T10:07:30Z | |
dc.date.created | 2020-06-15T11:25:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Energies. 2020, 13 (5), 1247-?. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1996-1073 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2658989 | |
dc.description.abstract | Reverse electrodialysis and electrodialysis can be combined into a closed energy storage system, allowing for storing surplus energy through a salinity difference between two solutions. A closed system benefits from simple temperature control, the ability to use higher salt concentrations and mitigation of membrane fouling. In this work, the permselectivity of two membranes from Fumatech, FAS-50 and FKS-50, is found to be ranging from 0.7 to 0.5 and from 0.8 to 0.7 respectively. The maximum unit cell open-circuit voltage was measured to be 115 ± 9 mV and 118 ± 8 mV at 25 ∘ C and 40 ∘ C, respectively, and the power density was found to be 1.5±0.2 W m −2uc at 25 ∘ C and 2.0±0.3 W m −2uc at 40 ∘ C. Given a lifetime of 10 years, three hours of operation per day and 3% downtime, the membrane price can be 2.5 ± 0.3 $ m −2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 $ m −2 to match the energy price in the EU and the USA, respectively. A life-cycle analysis was conducted for a storage capacity of 1 GWh and 2 h of discharging. The global warming impact is 4.53 ⋅105 kg CO2 equivalents/MWh and the cumulative energy demand is 1.61 ⋅103 MWh/MWh, which are 30% and 2 times higher than a lithium-ion battery pack with equivalent capacity, respectively. An electrodialytic energy storage system reaches a comparable global warming impact and a lower cumulative energy demand than a lithium-ion battery for an average life span of 20 and 3 years, respectively. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_US |
dc.rights | Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.title | Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis | en_US |
dc.type | Peer reviewed | en_US |
dc.type | Journal article | en_US |
dc.description.version | publishedVersion | en_US |
dc.source.pagenumber | 1247-? | en_US |
dc.source.volume | 13 | en_US |
dc.source.journal | Energies | en_US |
dc.source.issue | 5 | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/en13051247 | |
dc.identifier.cristin | 1815469 | |
dc.description.localcode | This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | en_US |
cristin.ispublished | true | |
cristin.fulltext | original | |
cristin.qualitycode | 1 | |