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A zero emission concept analysis of a single family house: Part 2 sensitivity analysis

Houlihan Wiberg, Aoife Anne Marie; Georges, Laurent; Fufa, Selamawit Mamo; Risholt, Birgit Dagrun; Good, Clara Stina
Research report
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2386611
Date
2015
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Original version
ZEB Project report. 32 p. SINTEF akademisk forlag, 2015  
Abstract
This report presents the results from a sensitivity analysis regarding the influence of using emission data

from Norwegian EPD’s instead of the generic data from Ecoinvent, using different CO2eq-factors (for

electricity in the operational phase) and electricity load from household appliances on the overall ZEB

residential building performance.

The materials which contribute the most to the embodied greenhouse gas emissions in the original ZEB

concept residential building were selected [1]. The sensitivity analysis is performed by replacing the

generic Ecoinvent data with Norwegian EPD data where available. Even though the embodied

emissions from PV contribute the most emissions, they are not included in this analysis due to the lack

of Norwegian EPD data for PV. Instead, the influence of different PV technologies and different module

orientations on the embodied and avoided emissions is incorporated. Even if the calculation of

embodied emission has uncertainties, the results indicate the annual embodied emissions reduction

from 7.2 kg CO2eq/m2 to 5.8 kg CO2eq/m2 when the generic data is replaced with Norwegian EPD data.

In addition, the sensitivity study investigates the influence of CO2eq-factors for electricity in the

operational phase on the emission balance. Furthermore, the analysis discusses the energy

consumption of electric appliances and how it could be reduced through more efficient products,

especially the hot-fed machines (i.e. washing machines, tumble dryer and dishwasher). The ZEB Centre

has chosen an average CO2eq factor of 132 g CO2eq/KWh for electricity in the operational phase of the

building's lifetime of sixty years. ZEB ambition level ZEB-OM can still not be reached for the residential

concept building. However, to choose higher European CO2eq factors make it possible to achieve this

ambition.

In further work, the calculation of embodied emissions using Norwegian EPD data for other construction

materials should be incorporated. In the second stage of the work, the system boundary should be

extended to include end of life emissions. There is further potential to reduce the embodied emissions

by considering the biogenic carbon stored in wood products and the use of alternative building materials

should also be considered. In addition, further work is thus required to define the potential energy

saving that would result from a shift of standard appliances to high-performance appliances with better

energy efficiency.
Publisher
SINTEF Academic Press
Series
ZEB Project report;21-2015

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