Perception, Prediction and Prevention of Extraordinary Events in the Power System
Doctoral thesis
Date
2016Metadata
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- Institutt for elkraftteknikk [2503]
Abstract
Conventional risk and reliability assessment techniques are insufficient when it comes
to analysing extraordinary events on-line. The reason for this lies in the nature of
extraordinary events, which are the result of dependent or multiple failures leading to an
unstable operation. Thus, novel and unconventional techniques are required to analyse
and quantify the risk related to extraordinary events.
This thesis describes advances regarding perception, prediction, and prevention of
extraordinary events. The focus of this work has been on the operation of the power
system, where prediction and prevention of extraordinary events are required on-line
and in the day-ahead operation planning.
A central part of the perception of extraordinary events lies in the identification of the
transition from a stable to an unstable state being a fundamental and critical
characteristic of extraordinary events. Together with the realisation that situational
awareness is a requirement for the implementation of remedial actions, this provides a
basis for the development of solutions to predict and prevent extraordinary events. A
methodology for analysing extraordinary events is presented in this thesis, identifying
the requirement to perform transient dynamic multi-level contingency studies to
properly address the risk of extraordinary events.
Measures to improve the situational awareness are presented, in form of vulnerability
indicators. These measures are of both a predictive and preventive nature, with
vulnerability indicators supporting the operator to predict the risk of extraordinary
events providing a decision base regarding implementation of manual preventive
actions. Furthermore, a concept to assess the transfer capacity of critical power transfer
corridors is presented. This concept is proposed to be utilised in the development of
automatic controls, to prevent extraordinary events through appropriate mitigating
actions.
The predictive and preventive measures presented in this thesis describe conceptual
solutions for decreasing the risk of extraordinary events. These measures depend on
further development of tools and techniques in order to be integrated in, and supportive
for, the tools used for operating the power system. SAMMANFATTNING:
Denna avhandling beskriver forskningsresultat relaterade till stora strömavbrott av ett
tekniskt ursprung, d.v.s. avbrott som inte är resultat av extrema väderpåkänningar eller
andra icketekniskt relaterade orsaker.
Stora strömavbrott kan innebära kostnader för samhället med upp till flera miljoner
kronor per avbrott. Underliggande orsaker till stora störningar i elkraftsystemet är i
allmänhet komplexa att analysera då dessa händelser ofta innebär aktivering av många
komponentskydd samt bortkoppling av en mängd komponenter i elkraftsystemet.
Avhandlingen ger en beskrivning av underliggande orsaker och händelseförlopp för att
ge en ökad förståelse av stora strömavbrott. Då risken för strömavbrott är svår att
uppskatta med hjälp av vedertagna verktyg, så innehåller denna avhandling en
beskrivning av metoder specifikt utvecklade för att analysera dessa händelser.
Avhandlingen innehåller även beskrivning av metoder för att motverka framtida
strömavbrott.
En slutsats av denna forskning är att den studerade typen av strömavbrott är ett resultat
av att elkraftsystemet blir instabilt. Detta innebär att åtgärder för att öka stabiliteten eller
lösningar som snabbt kan tillämpas för att motverka instabilitet är av stor vikt för att
hindra framtida strömavbrott. Även verktyg som förbättrar insikten i elkraftsystemets
störningskänslighet bidrar till att öka systemoperatörens möjligheter att styra systemet
med en godtagbar risknivå.
Has parts
Paper 1: Johansson, Emil; Uhlen, Kjetil; Nybø, Agnes; Kjølle, Gerd; Gjerde, Oddbjørn. Extraordinary events: Understanding sequence, causes, and remedies. I: Reliability, risk and safety : back to the future. CRC Press 2010 s. 785-793 - Is not included due to copyrightPaper 2: Johansson, Emil; Uhlen, Kjetil; Kjølle, Gerd; Toftevaag, Trond. RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF WIDE AREA MONITORING APPLICATIONS AND EXTREME CONTINGENCIES. I: Proceeding - 17th Power Systems Computations Conference PSCC 2011
Paper 3: Hillberg, Karl Emil; Trengereid, F.; Breidablik, Ø.; Uhlen, Kjetil; Kjølle, Gerd Hovin; Løvlund, S.; Gjerde, J.O.. System Integrity Protection Schemes - Increasing operational Security and System Capacity. CIGRE 2012 - Personal non-commercial use of this material is permitted
Paper 4: Emil Hillberg, Jarno Lamponen, Liisa Haarla & Ritva Hirvonen Revealing stability limitations in power system vulnerability analysis Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion, 2012 - Is not included due to copyright avialable at http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.2027
Paper 5: Hillberg, Emil; Toftevaag, Trond. Equal-area criterion applied on power transfer corridors. I: Proceedings of the IASTED Asian Conference on Power and Energy Systems, AsiaPES 2012. ACTA Press 2012 s. 26-33
Paper 6: Jarno Lamponen, Emil Hillberg, Liisa Haarla & Ritva Hirvonen The change of power system response after successive faults Power Systems Computation Conference, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PSCC.2014.7038455 (c) 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.