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dc.contributor.authorLindner, Markus Jürgen
dc.contributor.authorWallisch, Joachim
dc.contributor.authorHann, Richard
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-10T07:49:01Z
dc.date.available2024-06-10T07:49:01Z
dc.date.created2023-12-12T10:41:28Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.citationSAE technical paper series. 2023, .en_US
dc.identifier.issn0148-7191
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3133219
dc.description.abstractIn-flight icing can result in severe aerodynamic performance penalties for unmanned aerial vehicles. It is therefore important to understand to which extent ice will build up on fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles wings and empennages, namely rudder and elevator, and how this ice will impact the aerodynamic performance and limits the flight envelope. This work investigates numerically icing effects on wing and empennage over a wide range of icing parameters. This is conducted using the icing CFD code FENSAP-ICE on the Maritime Robotics PX-31 Falk UAV. Therefore, the 2D profiles of these airfoils, which are RG-15 for the wing and SD8020 for rudder and elevator, are investigated. The investigated angles of attack are between –5° and 14° in 0.5° increments. Furthermore, the icing conditions are chosen according to the FAA CS 25 Appendix C for continuous maximum and intermittent maximum icing. A broad range of temperatures, droplet median volumetric diameters, and the corresponding liquid water contents are simulated to generate a understanding of the icing effects according to Appendix C. An automation script to enable a more effective parallel execution of the in total 142 simulations of each airfoil has been used. The results of the simulations are used to calculate the change in the lift coefficient cl, the drag coefficient cd and the momentum coefficient cm, and an estimate of the total accreted ice mass. The aerodynamic performance penalties are strongly dependant on the environmental conditions. For both icing envelopes, two different worst case conditions are identified. For continuous maximum this condition lies at –2 °C and a droplet size of 15 μm, for intermittent maximum at –6 °C and 20 μm. For continuous maximum conditions the maximum lift can decrease by 37%, and the drag increase by 107%. For intermittent maximum the maximum lift can decrease by 35%, and the drag increase by 103%.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSociety of Automotive Engineersen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleUAV Icing: Numerical Simulation of Icing Effects on Wing and Empennageen_US
dc.title.alternativeUAV Icing: Numerical Simulation of Icing Effects on Wing and Empennageen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2023 Lindner, Wallisch, Hann. Published by SAE Internationalen_US
dc.source.pagenumber33en_US
dc.source.journalSAE technical paper seriesen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.4271/2023-01-1384
dc.identifier.cristin2212206
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 223254en_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 316425en_US
dc.relation.projectSigma2: NN9613Ken_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpostprint
cristin.qualitycode1


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