dc.contributor.author | Sarjomaa, Marjut Anneli | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Chi | |
dc.contributor.author | Tveten, Yngvar | |
dc.contributor.author | Kersten, Hege | |
dc.contributor.author | Reiso, Harald | |
dc.contributor.author | Eikeland, Randi | |
dc.contributor.author | Kongerud, Johny | |
dc.contributor.author | Berg, Kristine Karlsrud | |
dc.contributor.author | Thilesen, Carina | |
dc.contributor.author | Nordbø, Svein Arne | |
dc.contributor.author | Aaberge, Ingeborg Sundsvalen | |
dc.contributor.author | Vandenbroucke, Jan | |
dc.contributor.author | Pearce, Neil | |
dc.contributor.author | Fell, Anne Kristin M. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-02-05T10:19:53Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-02-05T10:19:53Z | |
dc.date.created | 2023-06-22T13:26:17Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2044-6055 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3115538 | |
dc.description.abstract | Objectives This study aims to assess risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined design; first comparing positive cases to negative controls as determined by PCR testing and then comparing these two groups to an additional prepandemic population control group. Design and setting Test-negative design (TND), multicentre case–control study with additional population controls in South-Eastern Norway. Participants Adults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between February and December 2020. PCR-positive cases, PCR-negative controls and additional age-matched population controls. Primary outcome measures The associations between various risk factors based on self- reported questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCR-positive cases and PCR-negative controls. Using subgroup analysis, the risk factors for both PCR-positive and PCR-negative participants were compared with a population control group. Results In total, 400 PCR-positive cases, 719 PCR-negative controls and 14 509 population controls were included. Male sex was associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), but not when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9. to 1.5). Some factors were positively (asthma, wood heating) or negatively (hypertension) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but lacked convincing association in the TND study. Smoking was negatively associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both analyses (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8 and OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8). Conclusions Male sex was a possible risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study, whereas smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the TND study and when using population controls. Several factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but not in the TND study, highlighting the strength of combining case–control study designs during the pandemic. | |
dc.description.abstract | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case-control study with additional population controls in Norway | |
dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | BMJ Publishing Group | en_US |
dc.rights | Navngivelse-Ikkekommersiell 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.title | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case-control study with additional population controls in Norway | en_US |
dc.title.alternative | Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case-control study with additional population controls in Norway | en_US |
dc.type | Peer reviewed | en_US |
dc.type | Journal article | en_US |
dc.description.version | publishedVersion | |
dc.source.journal | BMJ Open | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073766 | |
dc.identifier.cristin | 2157131 | |
cristin.ispublished | true | |
cristin.fulltext | original | |
cristin.qualitycode | 1 | |