| dc.description.abstract | ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its subtypes, including Stress UI, Urge UI and Mixed UI among a cohort of women from a rural district in Nepal. In addition, the study sought to investigate the association between UI and serum 25(OH)D levels in the same women.
Methods: This study is a planned secondary analysis of data collected during a follow-up study conducted between October and December 2019 in Nepal. A total of 1498 women were invited to participate, and 813 accepted the invitation and agreed to participate in the follow-up study. After exclusion, 779 women were finally included in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population in terms of demographics and to determine the prevalence of UI among women. Insufficient 25(OH)D was defined as <50nmol/L, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and UI with the subtypes SUI and MUI.
Results: The study revealed that the prevalence rate of any UI among women was 18%, with 141 out of 779 women being incontinent. Among these incontinent women, 56% (75/134) reported SUI, 34% (46/134) reported MUI, and 10% (13/134) reported UUI. The median 25(OH)D level was 50.5 nmol/L with no difference between continent and incontinent women. In total, 48% (354/739) women had insufficient 25(OH)D levels (<50 nmol/L). In the multivariable logistic regression model, serum levels of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L were not associated with higher odds of experiencing any UI (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.60–1.37), UUI or MUI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.58–1.93), or SUI (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.44–1.28).
Conclusion: Results from our study found, that a considerable number of women had UI with SUI being the most common phenotype, followed by the MUI and UUI respectively. Our findings suggested no significant and independent association between serum 25(OH)D levels and UI.
Keywords: International Continence Society, Urinary incontinence, Stress UI, Urge UI, and Mixed UI, Prevalence, Women, Nepal, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. | |