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Gamma oscillations as a neural signature of shifting times in narrative language

Brederoo, Sanne; Bos, Laura Simone; Dragoy, Olga; Bastiaanse, Roelien; Baggio, Giosuè
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/283844
Date
2015-04-13
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  • Institutt for språk og litteratur [1340]
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Original version
PLoS ONE 2015   10.1371/journal.pone.0121146
Abstract
Verbs and other temporal expressions allow speakers to specify the location of events in

time, as well as to move back and forth in time, shifting in a narrative between past, present

and future. The referential flexibility of temporal expressions is well understood in linguistics

but its neurocognitive bases remain unknown. We aimed at obtaining a neural signature of

shifting times in narrative language. We recorded and analyzed event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and oscillatory responses to the adverb ‘now’ and to the second main verb in

Punctual (‘An hour ago the boy stole a candy and now he peeled the fruit’) and Iterative

(‘The entire afternoon the boy stole candy and now he peeled the fruit’) contexts. ‘An hour

ago’ introduces a time frame that lies entirely in the past, ‘now’ shifts the narrative to the

present, and ‘peeled’ shifts it back to the past. These two referential shifts in Punctual contexts are expected to leave very similar traces on neural responses. In contrast, ‘The entire

afternoon’ specifies a time frame that may encompass past, present and future, such that

both ‘now’ and ‘peeled’ are consistent with it. Here, no time shift is required. We found no difference in ERPs between Punctual and Iterative contexts either at ‘now’ or at the second

verb. However, reference shifts modulated oscillatory signals. ‘Now’ and the second verb

in Punctual contexts resulted in similar responses: an increase in gamma power with a leftanterior distribution. Gamma bursts were absent in Iterative contexts. We propose that

gamma oscillations here reflect the binding of temporal variables to the values allowed by

constraints introduced by temporal expressions in discourse.
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Journal
PLoS ONE

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