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dc.contributor.authorMarkwart, Jens
dc.contributor.authorBattig, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorZimmermann, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorWagner, Martin
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Jochen
dc.contributor.authorSchartel, Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorWurm, Frederik
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-03T13:56:33Z
dc.date.available2020-02-03T13:56:33Z
dc.date.created2020-01-17T10:48:35Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.issn2574-0970
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2639349
dc.description.abstractFlame retardants (FR) are inevitable additives to many plastics. Halogenated organics are effective FRs but are controversially discussed due to the release of toxic gases during a fire or their persistence if landfilled. Phosphorus-containing compounds are effective alternatives to halogenated FRs and have potential lower toxicity and degradability. In addition, nitrogen-containing additives were reported to induce synergistic effects with phosphorus-based FRs. However, no systematic study of the gradual variation on a single phosphorus FR containing both P–O and P–N moieties and their comparison to the respective blends of phosphates and phosphoramides was reported. This study developed general design principles for P–O- and P–N-based FRs and will help to design effective FRs for various polymers. We synthesized a library of phosphorus FRs that only differ in their P-binding pattern from each other and studied their decomposition mechanism in epoxy resins. Systematic control over the decomposition pathways of phosphate (P═O(OR)3), phosphoramidate (P═O(OR)2(NHR)), phosphorodiamidate (P═O(OR)(NHR)2), phosphoramide (P═O(NHR)3), and their blends was identified, for example, by reducing cis-elimination and the formation of P–N-rich char with increasing nitrogen content in the P-binding sphere. Our FR epoxy resins can compete with commercial FRs in most cases, but we proved that the blending of esters and amides outperformed the single-molecule amidates/diamidates due to distinctively different decomposition mechanisms acting synergistically when blended.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societynb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleSystematically controlled decomposition mechanism in phosphorus flame retardants by precise molecular architecturenb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.journalACS Applied Nano Materialsnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsapm.9b00129
dc.identifier.cristin1775550
dc.description.localcodeThis is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,66,10,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for biologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.qualitycode1


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal