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dc.contributor.authorMelis, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorNilsen, Erlend Birkeland
dc.contributor.authorPanzacchi, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorLinnell, John Durrus
dc.contributor.authorOdden, John
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-08T12:39:26Z
dc.date.available2018-08-08T12:39:26Z
dc.date.created2013-09-10T11:13:37Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.identifier.issn2150-8925
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2508071
dc.description.abstractMortality rates and patterns are fundamental demographic traits for understanding the dynamics of populations of large herbivores in different environments. Despite the ongoing recovery of large carnivores in Europe and North America, few European studies on ungulate mortality are available from areas where both large carnivores and human hunters are present. We applied known fate models to estimate cause-specific mortality rates and Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the effects of environmental covariates on mortality risks of 330 radio-collared roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (1995–2005) along a gradient in roe deer abundance in south-eastern Norway. The study area is characterized by the presence of human hunters, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and occasionally wolves (Canis lupus). The main mortality causes were: hunter harvest, predation by lynx, predation by foxes (on fawns) and others (including wolves, dogs, diseases, vehicle collisions and accidents). The individual risk of roe deer being killed by lynx or by foxes was differently affected by covariates. In keeping with the specialist foraging behavior of lynx, predation risk by lynx decreased with increasing roe deer abundance. Conversely, consistent with the opportunistic habits of red fox, the risk of being preyed upon by foxes, tended to increase with increasing roe deer abundance, although the pattern was not so marked. Human hunters did not adjust their killing rate to changing roe deer abundance and annually harvested between 11% and 28% of the population according to different sexes and age classes. Capreolus capreolus; Eurasian lynx; harvesting; mortality; Norway; predation; red fox.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherEcological Society of Americanb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleRoe deer face competing risks between predators along a gradient in abundancenb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.volume4nb_NO
dc.source.journalEcospherenb_NO
dc.source.issue9nb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1890/ES13-00099.1
dc.identifier.cristin1048090
dc.description.localcode© 2013 Melis et al. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensenb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,66,10,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for biologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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