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Lyapunov Estimator for High-Speed Demodulation in Dynamic Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

Ragazzon, Michael Remo Palmén; Ruppert, Michael G.; Harcombe, David M.; Fleming, Andrew J.; Gravdahl, Jan Tommy
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Accepted version
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2017j_tcst_lyapunov.pdf (1.491Mb)
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2489235
Date
2017
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  • Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk [2193]
  • Publikasjoner fra CRIStin - NTNU [19946]
Original version
10.1109/TCST.2017.2692721
Abstract
In dynamic mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the imaging bandwidth is governed by the slowest component in the open-loop chain consisting of the vertical actuator, cantilever, and demodulator. While the common demodulation method is to use a lock-in amplifier (LIA), its performance is ultimately bounded by the bandwidth of the postmixing low-pass filters. This brief proposes an amplitude and phase estimation method based on a strictly positive real Lyapunov design approach. The estimator is designed to be of low complexity while allowing for high bandwidth. In addition, suitable gains for high performance are suggested such that no tuning is necessary. The Lyapunov estimator is experimentally implemented for amplitude demodulation and shown to surpass the LIA in terms of tracking bandwidth and noise performance. High-speed AFM images are presented to corroborate the results.
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Journal
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

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