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A sedimentological study of the deltaic De Geerdalen Formation in Fulmardalen and of fluvial deposits in the Snadd Formation on the Finnmark Platform

Forsberg, Cathinka Schaanning
Master thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2444276
Date
2017
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  • Institutt for geovitenskap og petroleum [1855]
Abstract
In the Late Paleozoic, Svalbard and the Barents Sea were part of a large, shallow embayment

located at the north-western corner of the supercontinent Pangea. During the Triassic this

embayment was gradually filled with erosional products from the UralianMountains located in

south-east. A large delta systemevolved depositing the upper Triassic De Geerdalen and Snadd

formations, on Svalbard and in the Barents Sea, respectively. This study investigates the

sedimentology of the two formations, through fieldwork in Fulmardalen on Spitsbergen, and

through investigations of a 3D seismic reflection cube and a sediment core from the Finnmark

Platform in the south-western Barents Sea. The study aims to complement the understanding

of the evolution of the delta systemthat evolved in the region during the Triassic.

Six sections were measured from different mountains in Fulmardalen. Facies analyses of the

outcrops indicate an overall shallowing upwards depositional environment, with open marine

shelf and prodelta deposits in the lower part, shallow marine and delta front deposits in the

middle part and delta plain deposits in the upper part. This is concordant with previous studies of the formation. Laterally extensive and upwards coarsening sandstone unitswith sedimentary structures typically associated with wave- and tidal activity, characterize the shallow marine and delta front deposits in Fulmardalen. These units have been interpreted as barrier bars, forming as a result of low accommodation space allowing for basinal processes to rework the sediment.

The seismic investigation of the equivalent Snadd Formation on the Finnmark Platform

reveals a much more fluvial dominated depositional environment compared to Fulmardalen. A

range of fluvial seismic geomorphological features have been interpreted, such as point-bar

deposits from large meandering rivers, braided river morphologies with mid-channel-bars and

smaller ribbon shaped channel bodies. The sediment core, retrieved from a large point-bar

complex, shows characteristics typical of fluvial deposits. The channels show a general

WNW-ESE orientation, reflecting the overall progradation of the delta towards west and

north-west. Width-to-thickness plots of selected channels compare well to plots of mainly

meandering rivers and distributaries from ancient and modern fluvial systems. Moreover,

channel bodies in the lower part appear larger than channels further up in the formation. This trend is thought to be related to tectonic changes in the hinterland.
Publisher
NTNU

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