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Investigation of the relationship between water quality variations and cavitation occurence in power plants

Ekanger, Jarle Vikør
Doctoral thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2381870
Date
2016
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  • Institutt for energi og prosessteknikk [4538]
Abstract
Lab experiments on clean water samples have revealed that water may withstand large tension;

a state which could be explained as negative pressure, without occurrence of cavitation. At the

same time, one struggles to design hydro power plants that are less susceptible to cavitation; since

it limits the range of operation of the power plant. The author has investigated possible effects of

water quality variations on cavitation risk, in order to provide better planning of production limits,

as well as documenting cavitation events.

Hydro power production planning is aimed at maximizing revenue earned from the available water

resources, and utilize e.g. weather and power consumption predictions to estimate the current

value of water versus its future value. Furthermore, maintenance divisions aim to minimize unnecessary

wear on the turbine units, to minimize risk of both unexpected down time and necessary

maintenance time. Increased knowledge of the effect of water quality on the maintenance cost of

operating a power plant has been one of several motivations for this project. As well as providing

data on the presumed effect of water quality on cavitation characteristics, the project is expected

to provide useful monitoring tools that may be applied for a wider scope of measurements.

The work presented within the thesis consists of experiments in a closed cycle cavitating flow

tunnel, as well as long and short term monitoring studies on the medium head Francis turbine at

Svorka Power Plant. Methodology is based on and spins further on work done by colleagues in

the research group.

Main findings are that dissolved gas content has little effect on cavitation inception, but it alters

the characteristics of cavitation when other factors are unchanged. The experiments at Svorka also

imply that increased suspended particle content may in fact increase risk of cavitation in the sense

that cavitation may occur at higher pressures than in clean water cases.

We have classified the work in this thesis within three main themes:

-Investigate variations of water quality in hydro power plants; across both seasons and due

to weather.

- Further development of existing cavitation detection algorithms, with special focus on continuous

monitoring.

- Development of hardware-software integration for cavitation detection and recording.

The main contributions are:

- Cavitation monitoring knowledge that is important for further studies, and add provided

commercial assets for candidate employer

- Publication of work on measuring and assessing cavitation risk and operation limits in

working hydro power plants.

- Increased focus on power plant monitoring, and new advances in less intrusive experimental

methods.
Has parts
Paper 1: Escaler X, Ekanger JV, Francke HH, Kjeldsen M, Nielsen TK. Detection of Draft Tube Surge and Erosive Blade Cavitation in a Full-Scale Francis Turbine. ASME. J. Fluids Eng. 2014;137 Is not included due to copyright available at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1115/1.4027541

Paper 2; Ekanger, J.V. [et al.]. Cavitation intensity measured on a Naca 0015 hydrofoil with various gas contents. A: International Symposium on Cavitation. "Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation". Singapore: 2012, p. 1-7. is not included du to copyright available at http://cav2012.sg/proceedings/html/265.xml

Paper 3: Jarle V. Ekanger, Morten Kjeldsen, Xavier Escaler, Håkon H. Francke. Influence of Draft Tube Flow Control System on Cavitation Behavior in a Medium Pressure Francis Turbine. Is not included due to copyright
Publisher
NTNU
Series
Doctoral thesis at NTNU;2016:26

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