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Wavelength and orientation dependent capture of light by diatom frustule nanostructures

Romann, Julien Clement; Valmalette, Jean-Christophe; Chauton, Matilde Skogen; Tranell, Gabriella; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann; Vadstein, Olav
Peer reviewed, Journal article
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2381831
Date
2015
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  • Institutt for bioteknologi og matvitenskap [901]
  • Institutt for materialteknologi [1612]
  • Publikasjoner fra CRIStin - NTNU [21058]
Original version
Scientific Reports 2015, 5:17403   10.1038/srep17403
Abstract
The ecological success of diatoms is emphasized by regular blooms of many different species in all

aquatic systems, but the reason behind their success is not fully understood. A special feature of

the diatom cell is the frustule, a nano-patterned cell encasement made of amorphous biosilica. The

optical properties of a cleaned single valve (one half of a frustule) from the diatom Coscinodiscus

centraliswere studied using confocal micro-spectroscopy. A photonic crystal function in the frustule

was observed, and analysis of the hyperspectral mapping revealed an enhancement of transmitted

light around 636 and 663 nm. These wavelengths match the absorption maxima of chlorophyll a

and c, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that a highly efficient light trapping mechanism

occurred, resulting from strong asymmetry between the cribrum and foramen pseudo-periodic

structures. This effect may prevent transmitted light from being backscattered and in turn enhance

the light absorption. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the multi-scaled layered structure of

the frustule improves photosynthetic efficiency by these three mechanisms. The optical properties

of the frustule described here may contribute to the ecological success of diatoms in both lentic and

marine ecosystems, and should be studies further in vivo.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Journal
Scientific Reports

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