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Modeling and Testing of Impact Damage in Composite Pressure Vessels

Skaar, Martin Welle
Master thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2350300
Date
2015
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Abstract
Composite pressure vessels are becoming widely used for transporting gas, lately also hydrogen.

In order to enable extensive use of the pressure vessels, it is critical to ensure their

societal acceptance, and thus safety under transportation. Being able to judge the damage

of an impacted pressure vessels is one important aspect from a safety and economical point

of view. The lack of knowledge about the behaviour of damaged pressure vessels results

in needlessly discarding damaged vessels with acceptable levels of damage.

This thesis considers impact damage on glass fibre reinforced polymer pipes, produced by

filament winding. Pipe specimens were subjected to well-defined impacts for two energy

levels and the damage was reproduced numerically. Interlaminar damage was modelled

by cohesive elements between composite layers. Intralaminar damage was modelled by

the Hashin failure criterion on continuum shell elements.

Experimental impacts produced unexpected highly asymmetrical delaminations. These delaminations

were reproducible in shape and size for all specimens. The numerical model

predicted the asymmetrical delaminations within the scatter of the experimental results

for both energy levels tested. By studying the interlaminar behaviour of the delamination

in the model, the buckling mode of the pipe was found to determine the direction of delamination.

The intralaminar damage (fibre failure and matrix cracking) was inconsistent

for the experimental impacts. Results ranged from no fibre damage, to large cracks with

total fibre failure. Both the location and extent of fibre damage for the heavily damaged

specimen could be reproduced numerically. Material properties that are critical for the

modelling were identified.
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NTNU

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