Browsing Institutt for biologi by Subject "Biology (MSBIO), Ecology, Behaviour, Evolution and Biosystematics"
Now showing items 21-40 of 46
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Indirect social effects of the individual strategy in producer-scrounger foraging interactions
(Master thesis, 2017)When animals interact socially they experience and react to phenotypes of their social partners. Such interactions can affect behaviours and fitness, and therefore opponent effects (i.e. indirect social effects) can maintain ... -
Individual variation and indirect social effects in Producer-Scrounger behavior in the House Sparrow, Passer domesticus
(Master thesis, 2018)Game theory is a scenario where, at its simplest, two alternative tactics may yield different costs and benefits. Many organisms are tied to a dynamic environment where the actions, social behaviors, or even presence of ... -
Inter-sexual parental conflict over seed provisioning in a mixed-mating vine
(Master thesis, 2017)1. Sexual reproduction creates an arena for inter-sexual parental conflict. When multiple paternity occurs, paternal plants are selected to exploit maternal plants for resources invested in their seeds, at the expense of ... -
Linking variation in personality and behavioural syndromes to social foraging and producer-scrounger effects in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
(Master thesis, 2016)Consistent behavioural differences between individuals across time and situations are referred to as animal personality. Associated with this are behavioural syndromes , which are suites of correlated behaviours across ... -
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on Alpine Plant Species along an Elevational Gradient
(Master thesis, 2015)Sheep (Ovis aries) are the main large herbivore in Norwegian mountains during summer and these herbivores have shaped alpine plant communities over a long land-use history. Sheep are selective feeders, and increased livestock ... -
Marine Biomass Consumption by Wild Svalbard Reindeer: Fecal Stable Isotope Analysis as a Tool to Detect Climate Change Effects
(Master thesis, 2015)Climate change in the Arctic is becoming evident with increased winter temperatures and changes in precipitation already perturbing Arctic ecosystems. Warm spells with rainfall in winter, also known as rain on snow (ROS) ... -
Marine Migration Behaviour of Brown Trout from Five Watercourses Flowing into a Common Fjord System in Northern Norway
(Master thesis, 2018)Brown trout is a freshwater fish which exhibits a wide array of life history and migration strategies. These different strategies result in great morphological variation both among and within populations. The aim of the ... -
Mind the Wind: Microclimate Effects on Incubation Effort of an Arctic Seabird
(Master thesis, 2015)1. The energetic costs of reproduction in birds strongly depend on the climate experienced during incubation. Climate change and increasing chance of extreme weather events may severely affect these costs, especially for ... -
Patterns and Drivers of Phylogenetic Diversity and Endemism in the Norwegian Vascular Flora
(Master thesis, 2018)Biodiversity is commonly measured as the local abundance of discrete species. This approach fails to incorporate evolutionary relationships among species and gives an incomplete picture of the diversity in a given region. ... -
Personality and Innovation in House Sparrows - Evolutionary and Demographic Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences
(Master thesis, 2015)Atferdssyndromer, og kovarians mellom trekk er essensielle for forståelse av fenotypisk struktur og fenotypisk variasjon. Nyere forskning viser at atferdssyndromer ikke bare eksisterer, men at disse varierer i struktur ... -
Personality and pace-of-life behavioral syndromes in a model species, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
(Master thesis, 2016)Consistent individual differences in behaviour ( animal personality ) may be favoured by natural selection because they are driven by adaptive differences in life-history and physiology traits, constituting a pace-of-life ... -
Plaintive Cuckoo Nestling Adaptations and Development in Common Tailorbird Nests - Costly Child Custody
(Master thesis, 2015)Avian brood parasitism represents a suitable system for studying coevolution, as parasite and host engage in an escalating arms race. The parasite develops adaptations to overcome host defences, and in addition develops ... -
Repeatability and Flexibility in the Migration Strategies of an Arctic Seabird
(Master thesis, 2016)The strategy of migration has evolved independently in many animal groups, but it is most widely and well developed in birds. Migrating species are expected to be severely affected by human induces climate change, and the ... -
Repeatability in isotopic signatures is linked to consistent individual migration strategies and individual specialization in a long-distance migratory seabird
(Master thesis, 2018)Animal populations can consist of specialized individuals with different foraging strategies. There could be several advantages for specialized individuals, such as higher foraging efficiency, breeding success and survival. ... -
Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Habitat Overlap of Roe Deer and Eurasian Lynx in a Human-Dominated Landscape
(Master thesis, 2015)Predators affect prey directly (lethally), and indirectly (non-lethally), by altering their behaviour as they try to maximise habitat overlap with prey. Prey, on the other hand, are trying to minimise habitat overlap with ... -
Spatiotemporal patterns of plant growth in a warming high Arctic: insights from dendrochronology of Salix polaris
(Master thesis, 2017)Climate change is most pronounced at high latitudes, where plant and animal populations are often strongly regulated by environmental drivers. Theory suggests that if these environmental drivers are synchronized over large ... -
Spatiotemporal variation in laying date and its impact on reproductive success in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
(Master thesis, 2018)Timing of breeding is an important determinant of reproductive success for animals living in seasonal environments. Understanding the factors affecting reproductive processes are necessary to predict how populations may ... -
Systematic revision of Chone Krøyer, 1856, Dialychone Claparède, 1870 and Paradialychone Tovar-Hernández, 2008 (Sabellidae: Annelida) in Norwegian waters
(Master thesis, 2018)The species of Chone, Dialychone and Paradialychone (Sabellidae: Annelida) in Norwegian waters are assessed using morphological and molecular data. The monophyly of Chone, Dialychone, Paradialychone and Euchone is tested ... -
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Correspondence between Climate Proxies and Recorded Climate Data
(Master thesis, 2015)Knowledge about effects of regional climate variation on the vegetation is important and will provide more insight into the impacts of global climate change. Tree growth and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ... -
The effect of body size on intrasexual competition in the coral reef fish Chrysiptera cyanea
(Master thesis, 2015)Intrasexual competition is considered important in driving selection on morphological traits, and the role of body size in male-male competition is well studied in a wide range of animals. In coral reef fishes however, ...