Improved utilization of side-streams from pelagic fish industry by value chain mapping

Abstract

Dette masterprojekt er et teoretiske projekt der kortlægger værdikæden for udvalgte pelagiske fisk som sild og makrel. Ved hjælp af kortlægningen kan det vurderes, evaluere og fremme den cirkulære økonomi og reducere spild i industrien.

Formålet med opgaven er at kortlægge og analysere værdikæden af pelagiske fisk, for at forstå hvilke processer fisken og dens sideprodukter skal igennem inden den forlader bedriften. Derved vil projektet undersøge bearbejdnings- og udnyttelsesgraden i norske bedrifter. Problemstillingen for projektet er defineret således “Improved utilization of side-streams from pelagic fish industry by value chain mapping”. For løsning af problemstillingen vil opgaven indeholde en udviklingsmetoden Design thinking, der vil inkludere litteratursøgning, interviews og observation som den første del. Interview vil blive fortaget på forskellige aktør i industrien. Desuden vil observationer skabe en breder forståelse af den primære og sekundære produktion. Derved opnås den forståelse der ligger grundlaget for kortlægningen. Kortlægningen udføres ved udformning af et Materiale flow analyse, som analyserer alle processer fisken kommer igennem. Desuden kan materiale flow analyse vise hvordan fiskens biprodukter også løber gennem processen. I forbindelse med flowanalysen, vil der blive udviklet et kvalitetsflow, som har til formål at visualisere hvor fiskens sidestrømme opstå, og hvilke kvalitetsparametre der skal opfyldes for at alt kan udnyttes.

Da interview og litteratursøgning gjorde det klart at den største del af fisken eksporteres til Japan, er det blevet lavet en MFA-model over processering af fisk i Japan. Derved kunne det undersøges om det kan svare sig for norske virksomheder at eksport fisk, og om det har en betydning for den samlede udnyttelses af fisken sideprodukter. Afslutningsvis fortages der en SWOT-analyse der gør det mulig undersøge positive og negative parameter der er forbundet med implementering af kvalitetsflowet.

Resultaterne viser at der allerede er fortaget ændringer i industrien, hvor spild af sidestrømme er minimalt, da det bruges til fiskeolie og proteiner, der ender som foder til bla. Laks. Dog viser resultaterne også at de fisk der eksporteres til Japan at intet hvis meget lidt biprodukt bliver videreprocesseret til nye produkter. Derved er der meget spild i den japanske pelagiske industri. Resultatet fremhævede også at bearbejdningsgrad i Norge er meget lav, dog er udnyttelsesgraden 100 %. Det betyder at alt fisk der bearbejdes i Norge udnyttes, dog er det meget lidt der processeres. Af alt der behandles i Norge er det bare primære produkter der ender som humant konsum. Derved er der stor potentiale, hvis mere af fisken skal være menneskeligt konsum. Dette vil kunne give både økonomiske og miljømæssige besparelser.

Kvalitetsflow analyse har fremmet forståelse af hvor fisken ender henne, desuden har det skabt en dybdegående forståelse af hvor der skal gribes ind hvis mere fisk skal ende som humant konsum. Dette er bl.a. at bruge en anden konseveringsmetode end ensilering, samt at eksportere mindre fisk. Kvalitets flow analysen har derfor været med til at skabe mere viden for virksomheder omkirng produktionen af fisken.

This master's project is a theoretical project that maps the value chain for selected pelagic fish such as herring and mackerel. With the help of the mapping, it can be assessed, evaluated and promoted the circular economy and reduce waste in industry.

The purpose of the assignment is to map and analyze the value chain of pelagic fish, in order to understand what processes the fish and its by-products must go through before it leaves the farm. In this way, the project will investigate the processing and utilization rate in Norwegian farms. The research question for the project is defined as follows: "Improved utilization of side-streams from pelagic fish industry by value chain mapping". To solve the problem, the assignment will include a development method Design thinking, which will include literature search, interviews and observation as the first part. Interviews will be conducted on various players in the industry. In addition, observations will create a broader understanding of primary and secondary production. In this way, the understanding that forms the basis for the mapping is achieved. The mapping is carried out by designing a Material Flow Analysis, which analyzes all the processes the fish pass through. In addition, material flow analysis can show how the fish's by-products also run through the process. In connection with the flow analysis, a quality flow will be developed, which aims to visualize where the fish's side streams occur and which quality parameters must be met in order for everything to be utilized.

Since interviews and literature searches made it clear that the majority of the fish is exported to Japan, an MFA model has been made of the processing of fish in Japan. In this way, it could be investigated whether it is worthwhile for Norwegian companies to export fish, and whether it has an impact on the overall utilization of the fish's by-products. Finally, a SWOT analysis is carried out that makes it possible to examine positive and negative parameters associated with the implementation of the quality flow.

The results show that changes have already been made in the industry, where waste of side streams is minimal, as it is used for fish oil and proteins that end up as feed for e.g. Salmon. However, the results also show that the fish exported to Japan are processed into new products, if any, if any, by-products. This means that there is a lot of waste in the Japanese pelagic industry. The result also highlighted that the processing rate in Norway is very low, however, the utilization rate is 100%. This means that all fish processed in Norway is utilized, however, very little is processed. Of all the products processed in Norway, only primary products end up as human consumption. Thus, there is great potential if more of the fish is to be for human consumption. This could provide both financial and environmental savings.

Quality flow analysis has promoted an understanding of where the fish end up, and it has also created an in-depth understanding of where to intervene if more fish are to end up as human consumption. This includes using a different method of preservation than ensiling, as well as exporting smaller fish. The quality flow analysis has therefore helped to create more knowledge for companies about the production of the fish.