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dc.contributor.authorCheraghi, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorYoozbashizadeh, Hossein
dc.contributor.authorSafarian, Jafar
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-13T15:17:11Z
dc.date.available2023-02-13T15:17:11Z
dc.date.created2022-04-11T15:26:59Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationMetallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2022, 53B (2), 744-759.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1073-5615
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3050503
dc.description.abstractCarburization of Comilog ore, pure MnO powder, and MnO pellet by natural gas was studied by experimental work. XRD, SEM-EDS, and thermogravimetric techniques were used for characterization and reduction behavior analysis. It was found that manganese carbide is formed through direct carburization by methane without methane cracking, and the process was governed by a diffusion-controlled reaction. Even low quantities of some phases in the manganese sources could affect the reduction process adversely. Although increase in temperature intensified the reduction severity, the formation of manganese silicate network at high temperatures hindered the reduction progress of Comilog ore; the best carburization results were achieved at 1100 °C with 24 pct manganese carbide formation. The detrimental effect of aluminates on the gaseous reduction was through lowering the melting temperature of manganese silicates. However, gaseous reduction by methane was adversely affected more by a non-reducible (Mn,Ca)O phase evolved during the pelletizing process on the pore walls rather than by sintering and formation of manganese silicate network. Although neither sintering nor non-reducible phase on the pore walls was observed in the reduction of MnO powder, no complete carburization was occurred. Soot formation and no gas access to the particle surface were recognized as the signs of blocked reduction progress.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.titleCarburization of Manganese Oxide Sources by Natural Gasen_US
dc.title.alternativeCarburization of Manganese Oxide Sources by Natural Gasen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber744-759en_US
dc.source.volume53Ben_US
dc.source.journalMetallurgical and Materials Transactions Ben_US
dc.source.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11663-021-02398-x
dc.identifier.cristin2016795
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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