Lifetime obesity trends are associated with subclinical myocardial injury: The Trøndelag health study

Abstract

Background Obesity is associated with subclinical myocardial injury as quantified by concentrations of cardiac troponin T, but whether lifetime excess weight history is associated with increased concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and how indices of abdominal adiposity and glycemic dysregulation affect these associations remain unclear. Methods We analyzed cTnI with a high-sensitivity assay in 9739 participants in the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study at study visit 4 (2017–2019). BMI was assessed at study Visit 1 (1984–1986), 2 (1995–1997), 3 (2006–2008), and 4. Results Median age at visit 4 was 68.7 years and 59% were women. Concentrations of cTnI were detectable in 84.1% of study participants, with a median of 2.5 (1.5–4.5 ng/L). We identified three clusters of BMI trajectories from visit 1 to 4, (1) stable normal weight, (2) stable overweight, and (3) stable obesity. Participants in clusters 2 and 3 were at increased risk of elevated concentrations of cTnI at visit 4 (odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.09–1.47, and odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.33–2.17, p for trend <0.001). Participants in cluster 3 had 22.0 (95% CI 14.1–29.9) higher concentrations of cTnI compared to participants in cluster 1 (p for trend <0.001). Dysregulated glucose metabolism and abdominal obesity did not influence our results. Conclusions Individuals with stable overweight or obesity are at increased risk of subclinical myocardial injury, independently of glycemic dysregulation and abdominal adiposity. Our data support a direct detrimental effect of long-standing obesity on cardiovascular health.