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Silicon microwires as solar cells

Martinsen, Fredrik Aleksander
Doctoral thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2359997
Date
2015
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Abstract
In this work it has been shown that microwire radial junction solar cells

can be realized from silicon core glass fibers made via the molten core

fiber drawing method starting with low quality silicon. Through a segregation

based purification method the original 3N purity starting material

turned into 5N purity silicon micro-fibers that were found to solidify

with millimetre-sized grains. The segregation process itself has

been investigated through solidification studies on silicon micro-flakes

and the purification process has been found to be in agreement with

non-equilibrium segregation models. The silicon fibers have been characterized

with a wide range of techniques, including Hall measurements,

electron microscopy and electron beam induced current. The latter technique

showed a ≈ 40 µm bulk minority carrier diffusion length in the

fibers, and together with adequate doping densities and surface quality

the fibers were determined to be of sufficient quality for use as solar

cells. Working prototype solar cells were produced both with a vertical

geometry as well as with a horizontal geometry and showed in both cases

efficiencies of approximately 3.5%. The limitation of efficiency for both

geometries is believed to be non-optimized processing, with the quality

of the material itself suggesting that much higher efficiencies are possible.

In both solar cell geometries avenues for achieving high light absorption

per unit of silicon were addressed and evidence that up to ≈ 90 % of the

incident sunlight can be absorbed by employing only ≈ 10 % as much

silicon as for a wafer based cell. Due to dimensions and flexibility of

the fibers, they offer the possibility of realizing flexible and/or partially

transparent crystalline silicon solar cells.
Publisher
NTNU
Series
Doctoral thesis at NTNU;2015:235

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