All life on earth needs to cope with unpredictable (stochastic) environmental variation, and has evolved to do so. However, environmental conditions are currently changing not only in their average levels (e.g. warmer, ...

Plastic pollution is one of many growing anthropogenic stressors in the marine environment, and its proliferation and effects are not fully understood. Research reporting abundance of plastic debris in the environment is ...

Anthropogenic activities in ecosystems interfere with natural processes and cause habitat fragmentation and loss. Habitat fragmentation and loss restrict wildlife movement between populations consequently reducing the gene ...

Large carnivores play a critical role in regulating ecosystems through predation and competition. Many large carnivores however have experienced a large population decline. The common causes of the decline are human related ...

Worldwide, large carnivore conservation has become an increasing challenge in the face of human population growth and anthropogenic development adjacent to protected areas. African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) range widely ...

Biofouling, the unwanted growth of organisms on submerged artificial surfaces, is ubiquitous in the marine environment and a particular problem in the salmon farming industry. In Norway, one of the most common and problematic ...

Bushmeat hunting is identified as the major threat to wildlife in sub-Saharan Africa. The trade which includes both rural and urban dwellers is linked to deforestation, and especially the development of roads, which has ...

The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing global warming and other associated climate change events. The world countries have pledged to cut down the carbon dioxide emissions to counter act these climate change ...