• A Study of Satellite AIS Data and the Global Ship Traffic Through the Singapore Strait 

      Smestad, Bjørnar Brende (Master thesis, 2015)
      This thesis investigates the quality and utility of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. AIS is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data new and previously ...
    • Addressing the Accidental Risks of Maritime Transportation: Could Autonomous Shipping Technology Improve the Statistics? 

      Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic. In this article, we will look at some of the accidents from conventional shipping and see if they ...
    • An approach towards the design of robust arctic maritime transport systems 

      Bergström, Martin Vilhelm; Ehlers, Sören; Erikstad, Stein Ove (Maritime-Port Technology and Development;, Book; Chapter, 2014)
      This paper describes a simulation-based approach towards the design of robust arctic maritime transport systems that are adaptable to uncertain future ice conditions. It makes it possible to simulate the performance of ...
    • At least as safe as manned shipping? Autonomous shipping, safety and “human error” 

      Porathe, Thomas; Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Johnsen, Stig Ole (Chapter, 2018)
      A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic with unmanned, autonomous vessels. In this article, we will look at some of these promises. The ...
    • Characterization of Autonomy in Merchant Ships 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Nordahl, Håvard; Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit (Chapter, 2018)
      utonomous ships are creating significant interest in the maritime world and the need for a more consistent definition framework is very apparent. This paper suggests building a framework based on the SAE J3016 standard for ...
    • Expanding the Possibilities of AIS Data with Heuristics 

      Smestad, Bjørnar B.; Asbjørnslett, Bjørn Egil; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      Automatic Identification System (AIS) is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data, new and previously untested possibilities are emerging. This paper presents ...
    • Improving Safety by Learning from Automation in Transport Systems with a Focus on Sensemaking and Meaningful Human Control 

      Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Johnsen, Stig Ole; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Jenssen, Gunnar; Moen, Terje (Chapter, 2021)
      Automated transport systems are deployed in many areas and transport modes. The predominant engineering perspective has been to automate as much as possible and minimize human interaction. However, a balanced integration ...
    • Keeping the human element to secure autonomous shipping operations 

      Meland, Per Håkon; Nesheim, Dag Atle; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Autonomous shipping operations are becoming economically and technically feasible, but this development also requires new human roles and responsibilities onshore for managing cyber events. The goal of this paper is to ...
    • The need for a public key infrastructure for automated and autonomous ships 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Frøystad, Christian; Meland, Per Håkon; Bernsmed, Karin; Nesheim, Dag Atle (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Shipping undergoes rapid digitization, covering safety and security reporting, mandatory ship documentation, electronic port clearance as well as commercial and operational information exchanges. Increasing automation of ...
    • PKI vs. Blockchain when Securing Maritime Operations 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Meland, Per Håkon; Frøystad, Christian; Drugan, Ovidiu Valentin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      The maritime sector is rapidly being digitalized as part of the introduction of Shipping 4.0. One of the most important drivers for digitalization is the possibility to automate work processes on board and on shore. However, ...
    • Ship emissions calculation from AIS 

      Rakke, Stian Glomvik (Master thesis, 2016)
      A methodology, named ECAIS, is presented to calculate ship emissions based on their fuel consumption from AIS data. This is done to avoid use of commercial ship databases, which can be expensive for research on sizable ...
    • Simplifying interactions between autonomous and conventional ships with e-Navigation 

      Porathe, Thomas; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Ships in autonomous mode will for a long time interact with conventional ships with human decision-makers on the bridge. For safety it will be necessary to simplify this interaction and this paper discusses three areas ...
    • Visualizing Cyber Security Risks with Bow-Tie Diagrams 

      Bernsmed, Karin; Frøystad, Christian; Meland, Per Håkon; Nesheim, Dag Atle; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Safety and security risks are usually analyzed independently, by different people using different tools. Consequently, the system analyst may fail to realize cyber attacks as a contributing factor to safety impacts or, on ...