• An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production Processes and Their Waste Management Practices 

      du Preez, Stephanus P.; van Kaam, Tristan P. M.; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete; Morita, Kazuki; Bessarabov, Dmitri G.; van Zyl, Pieter G.; Beukes, Johan P. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Ferrochrome (FeCr) is the main source of virgin chromium (Cr) units used in modern-day chromium (Cr) containing alloys. The vast majority of produced Cr is used during the production of stainless steel, which owes its ...
    • The use of hydrogen as a potential reductant in the chromite smelting industry 

      Davies, Jamey; Paktunc, Dogan; Ramos-Hernandez, José Juan; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli; Beukes, Johan P.; Bessarabov, Dmitri G.; Du Preez, Stephanus P. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The chromium (Cr) content of stainless steel originates from recycled scrap and/or ferrochrome (FeCr), which is mainly produced by the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. Ever-increasing pressure on FeCr producers to ...