• Lab-Scale Physical Model Experiments to Understand the Effect of Particle Bed on Tapping Flow Rates 

      Loomba, Varun; Pourfallah, Hesam; Olsen, Jan Erik; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Optimal tapping of metallurgical furnaces is required for efficient furnace operation. Improper tapping can lead to metal and slag accumulation in the furnace thereby reducing the process efficiency. The mass flow rate of ...
    • Metal and Slag Extraction from Different Zones of a Submerged Arc Furnace with Non-uniform Porous Bed Using CFD 

      Loomba, Varun; Olsen, Jan Erik; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The present study has investigated the influence of sulfur content in synthetic FeMn and SiMn from 0 to 1.00 wt pct on interfacial properties between these ferroalloys and slags. The effect of experimental parameters such ...
    • Microstructural Analysis of Effective Electrode Conductivity in Molten Salt, Na-ZnCl2 Batteries 

      Godinez-Brizuela, Omar E.; Niblett, Daniel; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Intermediate temperature molten salt batteries are a promising alternative for grid-scale energy storage with several advantages over existing solutions. The cathode of some of these batteries is composed of a porous matrix ...
    • Modeling Alumina Feeding With the µ(I)-Rheology 

      Gylver, Sindre Engzelius; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Efficient feeding and dissolution of alumina are necessary in order to maintain a stable Hall–Héroult process. One dose of alumina contains several thousand grains, and simulating the motion of individual particles is in ...
    • Modeling interfacial mass transfer driven bubble growth in supersaturated solutions 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      A commonly encountered phenomenon in chemical processes is bubble evolution driven by supersaturation. On the continuum scale, this essentially involves interfacial mass transfer resulting in the growth of bubbles and their ...
    • Modelling of gas-solid reactions - Usage of industrial off-gas for pre-reduction of manganese ores 

      Gustum, Mathias Grønberg (Master thesis, 2018)
      The traditional way of making manganese alloys are by reduction of different manganese oxides, iron oxides and silicon dioxide in a standalone electric furnace. That being said, manganese alloy producing companies may ...
    • New Insights into Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of the Resistivity and Overpotential in Reverse Electrodialysis 

      Jalili, Zohreh; Burheim, Odne Stokke; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      The resulting electrical potential of a reverse electrodialysis is reduced both due to ohmic and non-ohmic resistances. The non-ohmic resistance is mainly controlled by concentration polarization which is a considerable ...
    • Numerical Modeling of Hydrogen Fluoride Adsorption 

      Christensen, Eskil (Master thesis, 2021)
      Produksjonsmengden av aluminium øker for hvert år. For å møte etterspørselen, øker aluminiumsverk spenningen i elektrolysecellene for å øke produksjonen, men også den økonomiske gevinsten. En bi-effekt av dette er økt ...
    • Numerical simulation of bubble growth in a supersaturated solution 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      In this paper, a Volume of Fluid (VOF) based approach to simulate the growth of a pre-existing bubble in a supersaturated solution is developed and implemented in OpenFOAMⓇ. The model incorporates the Compressive Continuous ...
    • Numerical simulation of continuum scale electrochemical hydrogen bubble evolution 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      One of the important aspects in improving the efficiency of electrochemical processes, such as water electrolysis, is the efficient removal of bubbles which evolve from the electrodes. Numerical modelling based on Computational ...
    • On Gaseous Emissions During Alumina Feeding 

      Gylver, Sindre Engzelius; Follo, Åste Hegglid; Aulie, Vegard; Granlund, Helene Marie; Sørhuus, Anders; Sandnes, Espen; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Aluminium electrolysis involves feeding of alumina into a cryolite-based bath. Water originating from alumina as well as from air reacts with fluorides and results in HF evolution. Untreated HF gas is a significant ...
    • On modelling electrochemical gas evolution using the volume of fluid method 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Chapter, 2020)
      In this work we describe the various building block relevant in simulating electrochemical gas evolution using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. These building blocks are implemented in the VOF solver available in OpenFOAM® ...
    • On sharp surface force model: effect of sharpening coefficient 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Journal article, 2020)
      Amongst the multitude of approaches available in literature to reduce spurious velocities in Volume of Fluid approach, the Sharp Surface Force (SSF) model is increasingly being used due to its relative ease to implement. ...
    • An Overall Furnace Model for the Silicomanganese Process 

      Sparta, Manuel; Risinggård, Vetle Kjær; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Halvorsen, Svenn Anton (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      An overall model for a pilot-scale silicomanganese furnace that simultaneously considers electrical and thermal conditions, process chemistry, and flow of solid and liquid substances.
    • Oxide Sensor Measurements and Simultaneous Optical Observations During Dissolution of Alumina in Cryolite Melt 

      Bracamonte, Luis Carlos Izaguirre; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Rosenkilde, Christian; Sandnes, Espen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022)
    • PAH emissions from the metallurgical industry 

      Arnesen, Kamilla (Doctoral theses at NTNU;2023:269, Doctoral thesis, 2023)
      Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic molecules consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings. They can be created by incomplete combustion of organic materials and accumulate in nature. As ...
    • Pilot-Scale Test of Flue Gas Recirculation for The Silicon Process 

      Andersen, Vegar; Solheim, Ingeborg; Gaertner, Heiko; Sægrov-Sorte, Bendik; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Flue gas recirculation (FGR) for the silicon process may facilitate increasing the CO2 concentration in the off-gas, which will be beneficial for potential future carbon capture. Lower oxygen concentration in the combustion ...
    • Post Processing Approach to Model Microsilica Formation 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Dalaker, Halvor; Andersson, Stefan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      In this work an OpenFOAM-based framework to simulate the evolution of microsilica, which is an important byproduct in the silicon/ferrosilicon industries, is proposed. The framework decouples the combustion reaction of CO ...
    • Pragmatic CFD-modeling of alumina feeding 

      Renkel, Maria Felicitas (Master thesis, 2020)
      Hensikten med denne oppgaven var å videreutvikle en kode for beregning av bevaringsligningene over en industriell elektrolysecelle for å forutsi termiske effekter på cellen så raskt som mulig. Målet er å få koden til å ...
    • A Pragmatic Model for Alumina Feeding 

      Johansen, Stein Tore; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Solheim, Asbjørn; Vachaparambil, Kurian J. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      In this paper, we demonstrate how we can develop a coarse-grained model for the alumina distribution in an aluminium reduction cell. The model is designed to have the potential of being a part of a control system or play ...