Advances in geothermal drilling: A comparative study with oil and gas techniques

Abstract

Geothermal energy is an essential clean and renewable resource that is reliable and has large reserves that are not impacted by the weather or the seasons. However, there are many barriers in the way of drawing heat out of high-temperature geothermal reservoirs, especially when it comes to drilling, completion, and fracturing. Geothermal projects frequently include hard rock formations, and high temperatures which present challenges for traditional petroleum drilling techniques. The cutting-edge technology for drilling in hard rock formations is the main topic of this review, with a special emphasis on developments in drill bits and drilling methods. Because of their strength and abrasiveness, hard rock formations like granite are extremely difficult to work with and result in increased operational costs and equipment wear quickly. Technological developments in drill bits are essential. Because of the high temperatures and hardness of the rock, conventional petroleum drill bits frequently break in geothermal wells. Technological advancements like thermally stable PDC bits and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits hold the potential for enhancing robustness and efficiency in harsh environments. Among the promising techniques are laser-assisted drilling and high-pressure water jet-assisted drilling. Drilling rates and bit longevity can be increased by using high-pressure water jets to cool the drill bit and remove debris. To increase the effectiveness and economy of geothermal energy extraction, this review recommends that future research concentrate on new developments in drill bit technology, creative drilling methods, and the integration of real-time monitoring and adaptive control systems.