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dc.contributor.authorWestvik-Johari, Kjersti
dc.contributor.authorRomundstad, Liv Bente
dc.contributor.authorLawlor, Deborah A.
dc.contributor.authorBergh, Christina
dc.contributor.authorGissler, Mika
dc.contributor.authorHenningsen, Anna-Karina A.
dc.contributor.authorHåberg, Siri Eldevik
dc.contributor.authorWennerholm, Ulla-Britt
dc.contributor.authorTiitinen, Aila
dc.contributor.authorPinborg, Anja
dc.contributor.authorOpdahl, Signe
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-03T10:08:29Z
dc.date.available2022-05-03T10:08:29Z
dc.date.created2021-09-16T13:58:23Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationPLoS Medicine. 2021, 18 (6), .en_US
dc.identifier.issn1549-1277
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2993859
dc.description.abstractBackground Compared to naturally conceived children, adverse perinatal outcomes are more common among children born after assisted reproductive technology with fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET) or frozen embryo transfer (frozen-ET). However, most previous studies could not adequately control for family confounding factors such as subfertility. We compared birth size and duration of pregnancy among infants born after fresh-ET or frozen-ET versus natural conception, using a within-sibship design to account for confounding by maternal factors. Methods and findings This registry-based cohort study with nationwide data from Denmark (1994–2014), Norway (1988–2015), and Sweden (1988–2015) consisted of 4,510,790 live-born singletons, 4,414,703 from natural conception, 78,095 from fresh-ET, and 17,990 from frozen-ET. We identified 33,056 offspring sibling groups with the same mother, conceived by at least 2 different conception methods. Outcomes were mean birthweight, small and large for gestational age, mean gestational age, preterm (<37 weeks, versus ≥37), and very preterm birth (<32 weeks, versus ≥32). Singletons born after fresh-ET had lower mean birthweight (−51 g, 95% CI −58 to −45, p < 0.001) and increased odds of small for gestational age (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, p < 0.001), while those born after frozen-ET had higher mean birthweight (82 g, 95% CI 70 to 94, p < 0.001) and increased odds of large for gestational age (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.17, p < 0.001), compared to naturally conceived siblings. Conventional population analyses gave similar results. Compared to naturally conceived siblings, mean gestational age was lower after fresh-ET (−1.0 days, 95% CI −1.2 to −0.8, p < 0.001), but not after frozen-ET (0.3 days, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6, p = 0.028). There were increased odds of preterm birth after fresh-ET (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37, p < 0.001), and in most models after frozen-ET, versus naturally conceived siblings, with somewhat stronger associations in population analyses. For very preterm birth, population analyses showed increased odds for both fresh-ET (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.12, p < 0.001) and frozen-ET (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.94, p < 0.001) compared with natural conception, but results were notably attenuated within siblings (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.41, p = 0.059, and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.27, p = 0.6, for fresh-ET and frozen-ET, respectively). Sensitivity analyses in full siblings, in siblings born within 3-year interval, by birth order, and restricting to single embryo transfers and blastocyst transfers were consistent with the main analyses. Main limitations were high proportions of missing data on maternal body mass index and smoking. Conclusions We found that infants conceived by fresh-ET had lower birthweight and increased odds of small for gestational age, and those conceived by frozen-ET had higher birthweight and increased odds of large for gestational age. Conception by either fresh-ET or frozen-ET was associated with increased odds of preterm birth. That these findings were observed within siblings, as well as in conventional multivariable population analyses, reduces the likelihood that they are explained by confounding or selection bias. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN11780826.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleSeparating parental and treatment contributions to perinatal health after fresh and frozen embryo transfer in assisted reproduction: A cohort study with within-sibship analysisen_US
dc.title.alternativeSeparating parental and treatment contributions to perinatal health after fresh and frozen embryo transfer in assisted reproduction: A cohort study with within-sibship analysisen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber20en_US
dc.source.volume18en_US
dc.source.journalPLoS Medicineen_US
dc.source.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pmed.1003683
dc.identifier.cristin1934962
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 262700en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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