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dc.contributor.authorCarlsen, Astrid A.
dc.contributor.authorLorentsen, Svein-Håkon
dc.contributor.authorWright, Jonathan
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-09T07:45:02Z
dc.date.available2022-02-09T07:45:02Z
dc.date.created2021-07-22T17:33:09Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationAnimal Behaviour. 2021, 178, 247-265.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0003-3472
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2977833
dc.description.abstractForaging dives in birds and mammals involve complex physiological and behavioural adaptations to cope with the breaks in normal respiration. Optimal dive strategies should maximize the proportion of time spent under water actively foraging versus the time spent on the surface. Oxygen loading and carbon dioxide dumping carried out on the surface could involve recovery from the consequences of the last dive and/or preparation in anticipation of the next dive depth and duration. However, few studies have properly explored the causal pattern of effects within such dive cycles, which is crucial prior to any assessment of optimal dive strategies. Using time depth recorders and global positioning system loggers, we recorded over 42 000 dives by 39 pairs of male and female European shags, Phalacrocorax aristotelis. Dives either involved a straight descent and ascent, presumably reflecting an unsuccessful search for prey, or a descent followed by horizontal movement followed by an ascent, presumably reflecting active hunting pursuit of pelagic prey. Males were larger than females, but we were unable to distinguish between sex effects and the nonlinear effects of body mass on dive behaviour. Path analysis showed that within-individual dive-to-dive variation in surface times can best be explained as recovery from the previous dive. As expected in a pelagic hunter with unpredictable dive durations, there was no evidence of anticipatory preparation of oxygen stores in predive surface durations. Among-individual variation in dives showed that body mass directly affected descent durations, but individual variation in all other dive and surface durations was driven by variation in descent duration, suggesting a critical role for dive depth in overcoming body mass-dependent effects of hydrodynamic/wave drag and buoyancy. Our analyses test for the first time certain critical assumptions for studies assessing optimal dive strategies in birds and mammals, thereby revealing new details and avenues for research concerning adaptive diving behaviour. body mass dive behaviour dive preparation dive recovery European shag foraging behaviour Phalacrocorax aristotelis sex differences TDR telemetryen_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd.en_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleRecovery, body mass and buoyancy: a detailed analysis of foraging dive cycles in the European shagen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480en_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Zoology and botany: 480en_US
dc.source.pagenumber247-265en_US
dc.source.volume178en_US
dc.source.journalAnimal Behaviouren_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.010
dc.identifier.cristin1922441
dc.relation.projectAndre: Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energyen_US
dc.relation.projectAndre: Norwegian Ministry of Environmenten_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 223257en_US
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 192141en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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