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dc.contributor.authorAhrens, Marcel Ulrich
dc.contributor.authorLoth, Maximilian
dc.contributor.authorTolstorebrov, Ignat
dc.contributor.authorHafner, Armin
dc.contributor.authorKabelac, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorWang, Ruzhu
dc.contributor.authorEikevik, Trygve Magne
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-25T07:36:26Z
dc.date.available2021-05-25T07:36:26Z
dc.date.created2021-05-21T21:05:35Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationApplied Sciences. 2021, 11 (10), .en_US
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2756158
dc.description.abstractDecarbonization of the industrial sector is one of the most important keys to reducing global warming. Energy demands and associated emissions in the industrial sector are continuously increasing. The utilization of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) operating with natural fluids presents an environmentally friendly solution with great potential to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions in industrial processes. Ammonia-water absorption–compression heat pumps (ACHPs) combine the technologies of an absorption and vapor compression heat pump using a zeotropic mixture of ammonia and water as working fluid. The given characteristics, such as the ability to achieve high sink temperatures with comparably large temperature lifts and high coefficient of performance (COP) make the ACHP interesting for utilization in various industrial high temperature applications. This work reviews the state of technology and identifies existing challenges based on conducted experimental investigations. In this context, 23 references with capacities ranging from 1.4 kW to 4500 kW are evaluated, achieving sink outlet temperatures from 45 °C to 115 °C and COPs from 1.4 to 11.3. Existing challenges are identified for the compressor concerning discharge temperature and lubrication, for the absorber and desorber design for operation and liquid–vapor mixing and distribution and the choice of solution pump. Recent developments and promising solutions are then highlighted and presented in a comprehensive overview. Finally, future trends for further studies are discussed. The purpose of this study is to serve as a starting point for further research by connecting theoretical approaches, possible solutions and experimental results as a resource for further developments of ammonia-water ACHP systems at high temperature operation.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleIdentification of Existing Challenges and Future Trends for the Utilization of Ammonia-Water Absorption–Compression Heat Pumps at High Temperature Operationen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.pagenumber25en_US
dc.source.volume11en_US
dc.source.journalApplied Sciencesen_US
dc.source.issue10en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app11104635
dc.identifier.cristin1911372
dc.description.localcodeThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal