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dc.contributor.authorLi, Haoran
dc.contributor.authorHou, Juan
dc.contributor.authorHong, Tianzhen
dc.contributor.authorDing, Yuemin
dc.contributor.authorNord, Natasa
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-01T09:43:53Z
dc.date.available2021-03-01T09:43:53Z
dc.date.created2021-02-11T12:14:35Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn0360-5442
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2730847
dc.description.abstractData centres produce waste heat, which can be utilized in district heating systems. However, the mismatch between data centres’ heat supply and district heating systems’ heat demands limits its utilization. Further, high peak loads increase the operation cost of district heating systems. This study aimed to solve these problems by introducing thermal energy storages. A water tank and a borehole thermal energy storage system were selected as the short-term and long-term thermal energy storage, respectively. Energy, economic, and environmental indicators were introduced to evaluate different solutions. The case study was a campus district heating system in Norway. Results showed that the water tank could shave the peak load by 31% and save the annual energy cost by 5%. The payback period was lower than 15 years when the storage efficiency remained higher than 80%. However, it had no obvious benefits in terms of mismatch relieving and CO2 emissions reduction. In contrast, the borehole thermal energy storage increased the waste heat utilization rate to 96% and reduced the annual CO2 emissions by 8%. However, the payback period was more than 17 years. These results provide guidelines for the retrofit of district heating systems, where data centres’ waste heat is available.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleEnergy, economic, and environmental analysis of integration of thermal energy storage into district heating systems using waste heat from data centresen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.volume219en_US
dc.source.journalEnergyen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.energy.2020.119582
dc.identifier.cristin1888809
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpreprint
cristin.qualitycode2


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