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dc.contributor.authorLie, Kristoffer W.
dc.contributor.authorSynnevåg, Trym A.
dc.contributor.authorLamb, Jacob Joseph
dc.contributor.authorLien, Kristian M.
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-26T11:26:08Z
dc.date.available2021-02-26T11:26:08Z
dc.date.created2021-02-10T14:19:50Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationEnergies. 2021, 14 (3), .en_US
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2730630
dc.description.abstractIn August 2019, a new bus fleet of 36 electric and 58 hybrid buses were implemented in Trondheim, Norway. This paper examines the carbon footprint of electrified city buses, by addressing the achieved and potential reduction for the new bus fleet. Important aspects such as geographical location of production, charging electricity mix, and impact from production and operation on lifetime emissions, are also examined. A meta-analysis on life cycle assessment studies was undertaken to investigate greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand in different parts of bus production. This is followed by the production of a bus model using the findings and comparing electrified buses with diesel and HVO buses. The models were then used in a case study of the bus fleet in Trondheim, to understand the specific parameters affecting the carbon footprint. The results show that the overall carbon footprint has been considerably reduced (37%) by implementing biofuel and electrified buses, and that a further reduction of 52% can be achieved through full electrification. The operation emissions for the fleet were found to be 49 g CO2-eq/person-km, which is lower than the average city bus and passenger car in Norway.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/770
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleThe Carbon Footprint of Electrified City Buses: A Case Study in Trondheim, Norwayen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.volume14en_US
dc.source.journalEnergiesen_US
dc.source.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en14030770
dc.identifier.cristin1888557
dc.description.localcodeThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citeden_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal