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dc.contributor.authorFarkas, Julia
dc.contributor.authorCappadona, V
dc.contributor.authorOlsen, Anders Johny
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Bjørn Henrik
dc.contributor.authorPosch, Wilfried
dc.contributor.authorCiesielski, Tomasz Maciej
dc.contributor.authorGoodhead, Rhys
dc.contributor.authorWilflingseder, Doris
dc.contributor.authorBlatzer, M
dc.contributor.authorAltin, Dag
dc.contributor.authorMoger, Julian
dc.contributor.authorBooth, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorJenssen, Bjørn Munro
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-21T07:55:01Z
dc.date.available2020-08-21T07:55:01Z
dc.date.created2020-08-19T10:51:09Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn0166-445X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2673322
dc.description.abstractWhile it is likely that ENPs may occur together with other contaminants in nature, the combined effects of exposure to both ENPs and environmental contaminants are not studied sufficiently. In this study, we investigated the acute and sublethal toxicity of PVP coated silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and ionic silver (Ag+; administered as AgNO3) to the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. We further studied effects of single exposures to AgNPs (nominal concentrations: low 15 μg L−1 NPL, high 150 μg L−1 NPH) or Ag+ (60 μg L−1), and effects of co-exposure to AgNPs, Ag+ and the water-soluble fraction (WSF; 100 μg L−1) of a crude oil (AgNP + WSF; Ag++WSF). The gene expression and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes SOD, CAT and GST, as well as the gene expression of HSP90 and CYP330A1 were determined as sublethal endpoints. Results show that Ag+ was more acutely toxic compared to AgNPs, with 96 h LC50 concentrations of 403 μg L−1 for AgNPs, and 147 μg L−1 for Ag+. Organismal uptake of Ag following exposure was similar for AgNP and Ag+, and was not significantly different when co-exposed to WSF. Exposure to AgNPs alone caused increases in gene expressions of GST and SOD, whereas WSF exposure caused an induction in SOD. Responses in enzyme activities were generally low, with significant effects observed only on SOD activity in NPL and WSF exposures and on GST activity in NPL and NPH exposures. Combined AgNP and WSF exposures caused slightly altered responses in expression of SOD, GST and CYP330A1 genes compared to the single exposures of either AgNPs or WSF. However, there was no clear pattern of cumulative effects caused by co-exposures of AgNPs and WSF. The present study indicates that the exposure to AgNPs, Ag+, and to a lesser degree WSF cause an oxidative stress response in C. finmarchicus, which was slightly, but mostly not significantly altered in combined exposures. This indicated that the combined effects between Ag and WSF are relatively limited, at least with regard to oxidative stress.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleCombined effects of exposure to engineered silver nanoparticles and the water-soluble fraction of crude oil in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicusen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.source.journalAquatic Toxicologyen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105582
dc.identifier.cristin1823994
dc.description.localcodeDOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105582 Available online 24 July 2020 0166-445X/ © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/).en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal