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dc.contributor.authorOlsen, Rolf Erik
dc.contributor.authorStrand, E.
dc.contributor.authorMelle, Webjørn
dc.contributor.authorNørstebø, Jo Trelvik
dc.contributor.authorLall, Santos P.
dc.contributor.authorRingø, Einar
dc.contributor.authorTocher, Douglas R.
dc.contributor.authorSprague, M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-23T07:35:14Z
dc.date.available2020-01-23T07:35:14Z
dc.date.created2020-01-22T09:11:10Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.citationDeep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography. 2019, 104722nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn0967-0645
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637546
dc.description.abstractSalmon aquaculture is in great need of good quality balanced protein and lipid sources, particularly marine omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), to sustain a further development of the industry. One possibility is to harvest mesopelagic marine layers. Therefore, the current project analysed mesopelagic hauls from three cruises (November 2015 to October 2016) collected from the inner fjord systems around Bergen and in open-waters off Tromsø and Ålesund, Norway. Jellyfish, krill, shrimps and small amounts of the mesopelagic fish, Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale, dominated the mixed mesopelagic hauls. Lipid content ranged between 35-40% of dry matter with two samples from autumn being 21 and 13%, with the latter haul being almost exclusively krill. In contrast, M. muelleri and B. glaciale had lipid contents of around 54 and 47% respectively. Overall, lipid was a relatively good source of marine n-3 LC-PUFA, EPA and DHA, being in the range of 15–20% of fatty acids which increased in lean samples. However, many of the trawl hauls contained wax esters (7 out of 9 hauls), equivalent to 40% or more of the lipid, with B. glaciale containing almost 90% wax esters of lipid. This presents a challenge if used in salmon diets, as their utilisation is limited. Protein contents ranged between 45-50%, increasing in lean samples. The essential amino acid content was well above the requirements for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with B. glaciale generally containing higher levels compared to M. muelleri. Leucine, lysine and valine levels were particularly high. Hauls from open-waters contained mixtures of amphipods resulting in cadmium levels exceeding the maximum allowable level in feedstuffs. Arsenic levels were high or borderline. Reducing crustacean mix in hauls appear to be the only option to reduce these levels, whereas mesopelagic fish contained low levels of all heavy metals. In summary, the mesopelagic layer contains protein and lipid sources that could supply raw materials to the salmon aquaculture industry. However, high levels of wax esters, cadmium and arsenic needs to be addressed.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherElseviernb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleCan mesopelagic mixed layers be used as feed sources for salmon aquaculture?nb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.journalDeep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanographynb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104722
dc.identifier.cristin1779679
dc.description.localcodeThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is propernb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,66,10,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for biologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpostprint
cristin.qualitycode1


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