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dc.contributor.authorMusazzi, Umberto Maria
dc.contributor.authorRocco, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorBrunelli, Cinzia
dc.contributor.authorBisaglia, Luisa
dc.contributor.authorCaraceni, Augusto Tomasso Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorMinghetti, Paola
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-19T08:25:15Z
dc.date.available2019-09-19T08:25:15Z
dc.date.created2019-03-07T15:16:05Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Pain Research. 2018, 11 1665-1672.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1178-7090
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2617591
dc.description.abstractPurpose: In Italy, where the adoption of opioid analgesics in pain management has been historically poor, an increase in opioids consumption occurred between 2000 and 2015. The aim of this study is to assess, through specific time series analyses for trend changes, the impact of different intervening factors – such as the availability of new drugs, the observance of clinical guidelines, changes in prescription regulations, and in reimbursement policies – on opioids sales to community pharmacies in Italy, focusing on the time period 2000–2010. Materials and methods: Five opioids were considered: codeine, tramadol, buprenorphine, morphine, and fentanyl. The analysis is based on sales data collected at wholesale distributors. For each one of the five drugs, time series of the number of Defined Daily Doses per thousand inhabitants per day in the period 2000–2010 were analyzed, and an estimation of breakpoints was performed using segmented linear regression. Results: Drug sales underwent a sharp increase in 2000–2010, although on different scales. Segmented regression analysis highlighted different potential breakpoints, corresponding to either a significant change in value and/or in slope. Sales of the five opioids were affected by at least one relevant event, often due to a synergy of regulatory, marketing, and technological factors. The effect of reimbursement changes has proved important. Conclusion: Between 2000 and 2010, regulatory, technological, and reimbursement changes significantly influenced opioid sales to community pharmacies in Italy. The sales of relatively new drug products seem to be less influenced by changes in reimbursement and regulatory policies than that of more established products, suggesting that physicians are more comfortable with “old” drugs, since their clinical use is supported by established clinical guidelines and protocols.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherDove Medical Pressnb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleDo laws impact opioids consumption? A breakpoint analysis based on italian sales datanb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber1665-1672nb_NO
dc.source.volume11nb_NO
dc.source.journalJournal of Pain Researchnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.2147/JPR.S163438
dc.identifier.cristin1682991
dc.description.localcodeThis work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,65,15,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for klinisk og molekylær medisin
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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