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dc.contributor.advisorIngul, Charlotte Ingeborg Björk
dc.contributor.authorRehman, Dania
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-06T14:02:57Z
dc.date.available2019-09-06T14:02:57Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2613222
dc.description.abstract
dc.description.abstractBackground: Type2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aerobic capacity is lower in T2D individuals compared to healthy, and women with T2D have even lower aerobic capacity compared to men with T2D. These sex disparities could lead to increased CV morbidity and mortality in women compared with men with T2D. However, the same exercise recommendations are given to women and men. Objectives: To compare the cardiometabolic training response in women and men with T2D following the same exercise interventions. We hypothesized that women with T2D would have a reduced exercise response compared to men. Methods: Twenty-nine individuals with T2D (15 women, 14 men), were randomized and stratified by sex to either supervised training group (STG) or active control group (ACG) for 12 weeks. The STG performed aerobic and resistance training three days a week, whereas the ACG was advised to use a Mio Slice heart rate watch and reach 100 PAI (Personal activity intelligence) each week. Changes in cardiac function, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance, aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and heart rate recovery were measured. Results: Both STG and ACG showed significant improvements in cardiac function and aerobic capacity with no significant difference between groups. In the STG, men improved more than women in VO2peak (25%, p < 0.001 vs. 15%, p = 0.001) and stroke volume index (15%, p = 0.10 vs. 11%, p = 0.04). Whereas, only women significantly improved heart rate recovery (after 1min, 48%, p = 0.04), insulin resistance (25%, p = 0.03), insulin C-peptide (27%, p = 0.02) and right ventricular systolic function (TAPSE, 21%, p=0.04). Both sexes in the ACG showed improvements in cardiac function and aerobic capacity. Conclusions: Women had less improvement in left ventricular cardiac function and aerobic capacity compared to men after 3 months of supervised training. However, women had a greater response in insulin resistance and heart rate recovery. Moreover, a weekly activity index PAI can be an effective strategy to motivate and increase the exercise adherence for both women and men. Further research is needed to investigate the sex differences in training response to potentially develop sex specific training programs to optimize the effects of training.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherNTNU
dc.titleSex differences in exercise respone in type 2 diabetes
dc.typeMaster thesis


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