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dc.contributor.authorVestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg
dc.contributor.authorAttramadal, Kari
dc.contributor.authorWinge, Per
dc.contributor.authorLi, Keshuai
dc.contributor.authorOlsen, Yngvar
dc.contributor.authorBones, Atle M.
dc.contributor.authorVadstein, Olav
dc.contributor.authorBakke, Ingrid
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-08T16:05:32Z
dc.date.available2019-01-08T16:05:32Z
dc.date.created2018-04-16T09:54:29Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationFrontiers in Microbiology. 2018, 9 (851), 1-13.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795
dc.description.abstractWe have previously shown that K-selection and microbial stability in the rearing water increases survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae, and that recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are compatible with this. Here, we have assessed how water treatment influenced the larval microbiota and host responses at the gene expression level. Cod larvae were reared with two different rearing water systems: a RAS and a flow-through system (FTS). The water microbiota was examined using a 16S rDNA PCR/DGGE strategy. RNA extracted from larvae at 8, 13, and 17 days post hatching was used for microbiota and microarray gene expression analysis. Bacterial cDNA was synthesized and used for 16S rRNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of larval microbiota. Both water and larval microbiota differed significantly between the systems, and the larval microbiota appeared to become more dissimilar between systems with time. In total 4 phyla were identified for all larvae: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The most profound difference in larval microbiota was a high abundance of Arcobacter (Epsilonproteobacteria) in FTS larvae (34 ± 9% of total reads). Arcobacter includes several species that are known pathogens for humans and animals. Cod larval transcriptome responses were investigated using an oligonucleotide gene expression microarray covering approximately 24,000 genes. Interestingly, FTS larvae transcriptional profiles revealed an overrepresentation of upregulated transcripts associated with responses to pathogens and infections, such as c1ql3-like, pglyrp-2-like and zg16, compared to RAS larvae. In conclusion, distinct water treatment systems induced differences in the larval microbiota. FTS larvae showed up-regulation of transcripts associated with responses to microbial stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RAS promotes K-selection and microbial stability by maintaining a microbial load close to the carrying capacity of the system, and ensuring long retention times for both bacteria and water in the system.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherFrontiers Medianb_NO
dc.relation.urihttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontie
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleRearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae.nb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.volume9nb_NO
dc.source.journalFrontiers in Microbiologynb_NO
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851
dc.identifier.cristin1579443
dc.description.localcodeCopyright © 2018 Vestrum, Attramadal, Winge, Li, Olsen, Bones, Vadstein and Bakke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,66,15,0
cristin.unitcode194,66,10,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for bioteknologi og matvitenskap
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for biologi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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