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dc.contributor.authorWood, Richard
dc.contributor.authorStadler, Konstantin
dc.contributor.authorSilva Simas, Moana
dc.contributor.authorBulavskaya, Tatyana
dc.contributor.authorGiljum, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorLutter, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorTukker, Arnold
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-20T08:07:31Z
dc.date.available2018-12-20T08:07:31Z
dc.date.created2018-12-19T13:57:54Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Industrial Ecology. 2018, 22 (3), 553-564.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1088-1980
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2578404
dc.description.abstractMost countries show a relative decoupling of economic growth from domestic resource use, implying increased resource efficiency. However, international trade facilitates the exchange of products between regions with disparate resource productivity. Hence, for an understanding of resource efficiency from a consumption perspective that takes into account the impacts in the upstream supply chains, there is a need to assess the environmental pressures embodied in trade. We use EXIOBASE3, a new multiregional input‐output database, to examine the rate of increase in resource efficiency, and investigate the ways in which international trade contributes to the displacement of pressures on the environment from the consumption of a population. We look at the environmental pressures of energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material use, water use, and land use. Material use stands out as the only indicator growing in both absolute and relative terms to population and gross domestic product (GDP), while land use is the only indicator showing absolute decoupling from both references. Energy, GHG, and water use show relative decoupling. As a percentage of total global environmental pressure, we calculate the net impact displaced through trade rising from 23% to 32% for material use (1995–2011), 23% to 26% for water use, 20% to 29% for energy use, 20% to 26% for land use, and 19% to 24% for GHG emissions. The results show a substantial disparity between trade‐related impacts for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non‐OECD countries. At the product group level, we observe the most rapid growth in environmental footprints in clothing and footwear. The analysis points to implications for future policies aiming to achieve environmental targets, while fully considering potential displacement effects through international trade.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherWileynb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleGrowth in Environmental Footprints and Environmental Impacts Embodied in Trade: Resource Efficiency Indicators from EXIOBASE3nb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber553-564nb_NO
dc.source.volume22nb_NO
dc.source.journalJournal of Industrial Ecologynb_NO
dc.source.issue3nb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jiec.12735
dc.identifier.cristin1645690
dc.description.localcode© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Industrial Ecology, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of Yale University This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,64,25,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for energi- og prosessteknikk
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal