Study of Cuttings Transport Using Water-Based and Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

Abstract

Cuttings transport is a topic of great interest in the oil and gas drilling industry. Insufficient cuttings transport leads to several expensive problems. Knowledge and selection of the drilling fluids is one of the important factor for efficient hole cleaning. The present work reports pure hydraulic and cutting transport behavior of various oil-based and water-based drilling fluids. Flow loop experiments were conducted on a purpose-built flow loop close to realistic field conditions. It has been observed, however, that the hole cleaning performance of drilling fluids can be different even if the fluid rheological properties are similar as measured in accordance with API specifications. The reasons for stated difference in the behavior of drilling fluids are not well understood. The objective of the present work was to compare hole cleaning performance of an oil-based drilling fluid and a water-based drilling fluid with similar density and viscosity measured as per API specifications. Also, to identify the reasons for differences in their hole cleaning behaviour. Limited studies are available in the literature which studied the same and conclusions differ. Hole cleaning efficiency of an oil-based drilling fluid and a water-based drilling fluid whose viscosity profiles are similar was investigated. The fluids tested were industrial fluids used in the field and were sent to us after reconditioning. Experimental studies were performed on an advanced purpose-built flow-loop by varying flow velocities and drill string rotation rates. The flow loop had a 10 m long annulus section with 4" inner diameter wellbore and 2" outer diameter fully eccentric drill string. Pressure drop and sand holdup measurements were reported. Rheological investigations of the same fluids were used to understand the difference in the behavior of the drilling fluids tested. In case of no drill string rotation, better hole cleaning performance was observed with the oil-based fluid compared to the water-based fluid. With the presence of drill string rotation, hole cleaning performance of both the fluids was nearly the same.