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dc.contributor.authorLindberg, Karen Byskov
dc.contributor.authorDoorman, Gerard L.
dc.contributor.authorFischer, David
dc.contributor.authorKorpås, Magnus
dc.contributor.authorÅnestad, Astrid
dc.contributor.authorSartori, Igor
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-03T11:54:36Z
dc.date.available2017-11-03T11:54:36Z
dc.date.created2016-07-20T10:41:57Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.citationEnergy and Buildings. 2016, 127 194-205.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn0378-7788
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2463947
dc.description.abstractAccording to EU’s Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), all new buildings shall be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) from 2018/2020. How the ZEB requirement is defined has large implications for the choice of energy technology when considering both cost and environmental issues. This paper presents a methodology for determining ZEB buildings’ cost optimal energy system design seen from the building owner’s perspective. The added value of this work is the inclusion of peak load tariffs and feed-in-tariffs, the facilitation of load shifting by use of a thermal storage, along with the integrated optimisation of the investment and operation of the energy technologies. The model allows for detailed understanding of the hourly operation of the building, and how the ZEB interacts with the electricity grid through the characteristics of its net electric load profile. The modelling framework can be adapted to fit individual countries' ZEB definitions. The findings are important for policy makers as they identify how subsidies and EPBD’s regulations influence the preferred energy technology choice, which subsequently determines its grid interaction. A case study of a Norwegian school building shows that the heat technology is altered from HP to bio boiler when the ZEB requirement is applied.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherElseviernb_NO
dc.titleMethodology for optimal energy system design of Zero Energy Buildings using mixed-integer linear programmingnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.description.versionsubmittedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber194-205nb_NO
dc.source.volume127nb_NO
dc.source.journalEnergy and Buildingsnb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.039
dc.identifier.cristin1368705
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 193830nb_NO
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 209697nb_NO
dc.description.localcodeThis is a submitted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier Ltd in Applied Physics B, 18 May 2016nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,63,20,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for elkraftteknikk
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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