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dc.contributor.authorMærk, Mali
dc.contributor.authorJohansen, Jostein
dc.contributor.authorErtesvåg, Helga
dc.contributor.authorDrabløs, Finn
dc.contributor.authorValla, Svein
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-30T09:18:53Z
dc.date.available2017-10-30T09:18:53Z
dc.date.created2014-03-24T13:19:23Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.citationBMC Genomics. 2014, 15 (192), .nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1471-2164
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2462758
dc.description.abstractBackground Gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer are common processes in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and are generally assumed to result in either diversification or loss of the redundant gene copies. However, a recent analysis of the genome of the soil bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii DJ revealed an abundance of highly similar homologs among carbohydrate metabolism genes. In many cases these multiple genes did not appear to be the result of recent duplications, or to function only as a means of stimulating expression by increasing gene dosage, as the homologs were located in varying functional genetic contexts. Based on these initial findings we here report in-depth bioinformatic analyses focusing specifically on highly similar intra-genome homologs, or synologs, among carbohydrate metabolism genes, as well as an analysis of the general occurrence of very similar synologs in prokaryotes. Results Approximately 900 bacterial and archaeal genomes were analysed for the occurrence of synologs, both in general and among carbohydrate metabolism genes specifically. This showed that large numbers of highly similar synologs among carbohydrate metabolism genes are very rare in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and that the A. vinelandii DJ genome contains an unusually large amount of such synologs. The majority of these synologs were found to be non-tandemly organized and localized in varying but metabolically relevant genomic contexts. The same observation was made for other genomes harbouring high levels of such synologs. It was also shown that highly similar synologs generally constitute a very small fraction of the protein-coding genes in prokaryotic genomes. The overall synolog fraction of the A. vinelandii DJ genome was well above the data set average, but not nearly as remarkable as the levels observed when only carbohydrate metabolism synologs were considered. Conclusions Large numbers of highly similar synologs are rare in bacterial and archaeal genomes, both in general and among carbohydrate metabolism genes. However, A. vinelandii and several other soil bacteria harbour large numbers of highly similar carbohydrate metabolism synologs which seem not to result from recent duplication or transfer events. These genes may confer adaptive benefits with respect to certain lifestyles and environmental factors, most likely due to increased regulatory flexibility and/or increased gene dosage.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherBioMed Centralnb_NO
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleSafety in numbers: multiple occurrences of highly similar homologs among Azotobacter vinelandii carbohydrate metabolism proteins probably confer adaptive benefitsnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber15nb_NO
dc.source.volume15nb_NO
dc.source.journalBMC Genomicsnb_NO
dc.source.issue192nb_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/1471-2164-15-192
dc.identifier.cristin1124261
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 221576nb_NO
dc.description.localcode© Mærk et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.nb_NO
cristin.unitcode194,66,15,0
cristin.unitcode194,65,15,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for bioteknologi og matvitenskap
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for klinisk og molekylær medisin
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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