Nurse-administered intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF: study protocol for noninferiority randomized controlled trial of safety, cost and patient satisfaction

Abstract

Background: Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) now improve or stabilize visual acuity in a number of previously untreatable eye diseases, of which the main are age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular edema. Most patients require multiple injections over lengthy periods of time and the prevalence of treatable conditions is increasing. Anti-VEGF IVI normally administered by physicians, therefore represent a considerable workload on ophthalmologic clinics and will continue to do so in the near future. Nurse-administered IVI may relieve this workload, but the safety, cost and patient satisfaction of such an extended role for nurses in ophthalmologic clinics has not earlier been investigated. To investigate these outcomes following independent anti-VEGF IVI by trained nurses, a noninferiority randomized controlled trial is being conducted. Methods/Design: Patients eligible for anti-VEGF treatment, minimum 304, are recruited and randomized to IVI administration by either trained nurses or physicians. The primary outcome is safety, measured by difference in mean change in visual acuity between the two groups during an observation period of 12 months. Secondary outcomes are incidence of ocular adverse events, cost per patient and patient satisfaction. Discussion: This study protocol describes the design of the first randomized controlled trial of nurse-administered IVI of anti-VEGF. The study is designed to examine safety, cost and patient satisfaction during 12 months follow-up.