• Maritime routing and speed optimization with emission control areas 

      Fagerholt, Kjetil; Gausel, Nora Therese; Rakke, Jørgen Glomvik; Psaraftis, Harilaos (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)
      Strict limits on the maximum sulphur content in fuel used by ships have recently been imposed in some Emission Control Areas (ECAs). In order to comply with these regulations many ship operators will switch to more expensive ...
    • Optimal ship speed and routing when considering ECA regulations 

      Gausel, Nora Therese (Master thesis, 2014)
      Abstract Annex VI of the MARPOL convention under the International Maritime Organization considers air pollution from ships and defines four Emission Control Areas (ECAs) with more stringent control of sulphur emissions. ...