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LNG - Leakage, spreading and fire

Skinnemoen, Magnus M
Master thesis
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2405578
Date
2016
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  • Institutt for energi og prosessteknikk [4510]
Abstract
This master s thesis continues the line of LNG related theses in cooperation with

ComputIT AS. The Phoenix series large-scale LNG pool fire experiments have been

simulated using the CFD software Kameleon FireEx (KFX) for validation purposes

of the software to experimental data.

A number of simulations were performed, and the main investigations of the

experiment thermal radiation, pool spreading and flame morphology have been

compared to results from KFX, using a range of different simulation scenarios. Scenarios

included simulating the LNG as either a liquid release or as a gaseous release

of methane from a circular equivalent of the quasi-steady LNG pool area obtained

on the experiment. Other variations included transient or constant release, where

the transient release was based on an approximated flow rate from the experiment,

and the constant release was based on the average flow rate over the duration of the

experiment. Due to limitations in the pool model in KFX, the liquid releases were

simulated on a flat ground instead of on a pool of water, with various heat transfer

coefficients to account for the heat transfer between the water and the LNG.

The radiative heat fluxes from the simulations compared to experimental values

were initially low by factors between two and four, regardless of simulation scenario.

The soot model was investigated, and found to give an excess of relatively cold

soot outside of the flame, acting as a radiation screen, thus reducing the thermal

radiation from the fire to the surroundings. The soot model was modified, and

subsequent simulations produced very comparable values for the radiative heat

fluxes for the majority of simulation scenarios.

For all liquid, transient simulations, the LNG pool spread much faster than

in the experiment, and only the simulations with adiabatic conditions between

the LNG and ground reached the same maximum area as the experiment. All

simulations with non-adiabatic conditions had a maximum pool area below that

of the experiment. As a result, it was concluded that the LNG vaporized too

quickly, and consequently the duration of the fire was about 250 s shorter in the

simulations than in the experiment. As a consequence of the high vaporization rate

in the simulations, the flame grew to heights far above the experiment, and at some

instances the flame in the simulations exceeded the flame height in the experiment

of over 100 m.

A new, simple model for LNG spreading through water was introduced, and

initial computations in MATLAB produced highly promising results.
Publisher
NTNU

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